| 冬青和女贞叶表面颗粒物微形态及叶际细菌群落结构 |
| 摘要点击 1960 全文点击 563 投稿时间：2020-10-28 修订日期：2020-11-26 |
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| 中文关键词 叶表面颗粒物 微形态特征 叶际微生物 不同功能区 群落结构 |
| 英文关键词 particulates on leaves micromorphological characteristics phyllosphere microorganism different function areas community structure |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 植物叶表面颗粒物和微生物的结构动态对近地表环境和生态具有重要意义.本研究以青岛市不同功能区冬青和女贞植物的新鲜叶片为研究对象，利用环境扫描电镜观察叶表面颗粒物与微生物微形态特征及季节变化规律；采用Illumina高通量测序技术分析植物叶际细菌群落结构.结果表明，冬青和女贞植物叶片颗粒物滞留量秋、冬季节高于春、夏两季，两种植物叶片更易滞留PM10和PM2.5，但冬青叶片的滞尘能力尤其是对粒径大于10 μm的颗粒物滞留效果高于女贞，城市主干道植物叶片滞尘能力高于文教区和城市公园植物，受地面扬尘和汽车尾气影响较大；另植物叶际微生物组成存在季节差异，叶片易滞留不同类型真菌、真菌孢子及菌丝体等，且两种植物因叶片革质更适宜菌丝体生长，此外女贞叶表皮还易镶嵌一种表面均匀褶皱的真菌孢子，微生物丰富度城市公园 > 城市主干道 > 文教区，湿度对微生物的生长繁殖呈现积极影响；高通量测序下不同季节的冬青和女贞植物叶际细菌群落差异显著，春季植物叶际细菌丰度最高，夏季最低，两种植物叶际细菌相对丰度最高的优势菌门和优势菌纲为变形菌门（Proteobacteria）和γ-变形菌纲（γ-Proteobacteria），且同一功能区两种植物共用一个核心微生物群，另外受地面扬尘污染严重的城市主干道植物叶际细菌群落结构与其他两个功能区差异明显.本研究结果证明城市不同功能区典型绿化植物叶表面颗粒物与微生物群落结构之间存在显著相关性，为城市绿化建设提供参考. |
| 英文摘要 |
| The characteristics of particles and microorganisms on leaf surfaces have great significance for the near-surface environment and ecology. Here, fresh leaves of holly and Ligustrum were examined from different functional areas in Qingdao. Environmental scanning electron microscopy was used to observe particles and microorganisms on the leaf surfaces during different seasonal, and Illumina high-throughput sequencing was performed to analyze the phyllosphere bacterial community structure. The results showed that the retention of TSP on leaves in autumn and winter was higher than in spring and summer. The leaves of the two plants were more likely to retain PM10 and PM2.5; however, the dust retention capacity of holly leaves was higher than that of Ligustrum, especially for particle sizes greater than 10 μm. The numbers of particles on the leaf surfaces along an urban main road were higher than in two other locations, and were greatly affected by ground dust and automobile exhaust emissions. The community structure of phyllospheric microorganisms showed distinct seasonal variation, with different types of fungi, fungal spores, and mycelium observed on the leaf surfaces. Mycelium was more frequently detected on leathery leaves, and fungal spores with even folds were detected on the leaf epidermis of Ligustrum. The relative abundances of phyllospheric microorganisms were highest on leaves from an urban park, explained by a positive effect of humidity on growth. Significant differences in bacterial community abundance were observed between seasons. Specifically, bacterial abundance was highest in spring and lowest in summer. γ-Proteobacteria were the dominant bacteria, and the two plants shared a similar core microbial community. In addition, the phyllospheric bacterial community structure of leaves from urban arterial roads with ground dust pollution was significantly different from the leaves collected from other city areas. Our research results suggest a significant correlation between the leaf-surface particles and microbial community structure on representative plants in different areas of the city, which provides reference information for urban greening activities. |
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