| 北京市“大气十条”实施的空气质量改善效益 |
| 摘要点击 3484 全文点击 1177 投稿时间：2020-08-30 修订日期：2020-11-22 |
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| 中文关键词 空气质量 改善效益 人体健康 大气污染防治行动计划 北京市 |
| 英文关键词 air quality benefit improvement human health Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan Beijing |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 大气污染防治行动计划（"大气十条"）等政策措施实施以来，北京市空气质量改善显著.为科学评估"大气十条"的效果，以北京市为例，采用疾病成本法、人力资本法和市场价值法核算空气质量改善带来的人体健康、农业、建筑材料和清洁损失减少的效果，并通过货币化北京市"大气十条"的政策收益，从而肯定地方开展大气污染防治工作的积极成效.结果表明：①政策实施以来，北京市空气质量明显改善，改善效益稳定增长，2013~2017年分别达到-19.82、-18.93、157.07、152.64和223.30亿元，在当年GDP占比分别为-0.85‰、-0.81‰、6.68‰、6.16‰和8.77‰.5 a实施的总效益为494.26亿元，占GDP总值的4.11‰.②改善效益以健康损失改善效益和清洁损失改善效益为主，体现了颗粒物浓度降低带来的明显效果.③北京16个行政区大多在政策后期达到较高效益，其中延庆区、密云区、平谷区、昌平区、通州区、石景山区和朝阳区这7个区连续5 a改善指数为正，朝阳区和海淀区等由于人口密集，大气污染暴露人口多，获得效益稍差.本研究结果证实了北京市"大气十条"实施的有效性和必要性. |
| 英文摘要 |
| Air quality in Beijing has been improved significantly since the implementation of the Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan (‘Action Plan’). To evaluate the effect of the Action Plan, the cost-of-illness, human capital, and market value approaches were used to estimate air quality improvement benefits including human health, agriculture, building materials, and cleanliness. The policy benefit through monetization was also evaluated, which can affirm the positive effect of air pollution prevention and control by local government. The results illustrated that:① Since the policy implementation, air quality in Beijing has improved significantly and the improvement efficiency had been growing steadily. From 2013 to 2017, air quality had reached -1.982, -1.893, 15.707, 15.264, and 22.330 billion yuan respectively, accounting for -0.85‰, -0.81‰, 6.68‰, 6.16‰, and 8.77‰ of GDP in the fiscal year. The total profit during the five years was 49.426 billion yuan, accounting for 4.11‰ of the 5-year total GDP; ② The total improvement benefit was mainly linked to reductions in health and cleaning costs, primarily associated with a reduction in particulate matter concentrations; and ③ The majority of 16 administrative regions in Beijing reached an ideal level of benefit during the late stages of policy implementation, including Yanqing, Miyun, Pinggu, Changping, Tongzhou, Shijingshan, and Chaoyang Districts, which have retained a positive improvement index for five years. In contrast, Chaoyang and Haidian Districts have benefited relatively little as a result of the exposure of high-density populations to atmospheric pollution. These research results demonstrate the effectiveness and necessity of the Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan in Beijing. |
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