| 北京大气PM2.5载带金属浓度、来源及健康风险的城郊差异 |
| 摘要点击 2850 全文点击 800 投稿时间：2020-10-27 修订日期：2020-11-30 |
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| 中文关键词 PM2.5 金属元素 源解析 健康风险评价 城郊差异 |
| 英文关键词 PM2.5 metal elements source apportionment health risk assessment difference between urban and suburban |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 为探究北京地区大气PM2.5载带金属在城区和郊区污染特征、来源及其健康风险的差异，于2017年6~11月采集海淀和大兴两地的PM2.5日样本，分析PM2.5及其载带的13种金属浓度.利用PMF源解析方法对13种金属元素来源进行分析，并采用健康风险评价方法对其中9种金属的健康危害进行评估.结果表明，城区PM2.5及Cr、Co、Mn和Ni等10种金属浓度与郊区均有显著差异（P<0.05）.源解析结果发现，城区和郊区均可解释为4个源，但来源略有不同，占比亦有差异.城区的为机动车源（51.2%）、燃煤来源（19.1%）、扬尘来源（19.3%）和燃油来源（10.4%）；郊区的为机动车源（47.9%）、燃煤来源（22.6%）、扬尘来源（20.2%）和电镀来源（9.3%）.健康风险评价结果表明，城郊各金属HQ值均小于1，均不存在非致癌风险.城区中Ni和Pb，郊区中Cd、Co、Ni和Pb可忽略致癌风险，而城区的As（2.77×10-5）、Cd（2×10-6）、Co（1.76×10-6）和Cr（Ⅵ）（7.88×10-6），郊区的As（8.34×10-6）和Cr（Ⅵ）（4.94×10-6）的R值介于10-6与10-4之间，具有一定的致癌风险. |
| 英文摘要 |
| To explore the differences in pollution characteristics, sources, and health risks of PM2.5 carrier metals in urban and suburban areas in Beijing, daily PM2.5 samples were collected from Haidian and Daxing from June to November 2017 and the concentration of PM2.5 and 13 constituent metals were analyzed. The sources of these 13 metal elements were analyzed by positive matrix factorization (PMF), and the health hazards of a subset of 9 metals were evaluated using health risk assessment. The results showed that the concentrations of PM2.5 and 10 metal concentrations in the urban area including Cr, Co, Mn, and Ni were significantly different from those in suburban areas (P<0.05). The source analysis results show four key sources, although their relative contributions vary slightly between urban and rural areas. In urban areas, the main sources are motor vehicles (51.2%), coal burning (19.1%), dust (19.3%), and fuel oil (10.4%); in the suburbs, sources are motor vehicles (47.9%), coal burning (22.6%), dust (20.2%), and electroplating (9.3%). The results of the health risk assessment showed that all metal HQ values in the suburbs were less than 1, and there was no non-carcinogenic risk. Ni and Pb in urban areas, and Cd, Co, Ni, and Pb in suburban areas, do not present a cancer risk, while the R values of As (2.77×10-5), Cd (2×10-6), Co (1.76×10-6), and Cr(Ⅵ) (7.88×10-6) in urban areas and As (8.34×10-6) and Cr(Ⅵ) (4.94×10-6) in suburban areas present some risk of cancer. |
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