| 城市环境生物安全研究的进展与挑战 |
| 摘要点击 4539 全文点击 1304 投稿时间：2020-11-05 修订日期：2020-12-09 |
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| 中文关键词 生物安全 城市环境 病原微生物 耐药基因 全球化 |
| 英文关键词 biosafety urban environments pathogenic microorganism antibiotic resistance genes globalization |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 近年来世界范围内新发和再发传染病的暴发严重威胁生物安全，危害人类健康.人类活动包括快速城市化、集约化养殖、全球贸易和旅行等加速了传染性疾病的传播.人群健康、动物健康和环境健康紧密相关，国际上健康一体化（One Health）的理念已被广泛接受用以管理和预防人畜共患病的暴发.城市环境是人群-微生物组-环境要素相互作用最为强烈和最为复杂的场所，使得城市环境生物安全显得尤为重要.本文系统分析了城市环境生物安全领域的研究进展，厘清了该领域研究的主要挑战，提出了建立城市环境生物安全大数据平台、评估微生物污染健康风险和构建城市微生物安全风险防控及治理体系的建议. |
| 英文摘要 |
| The global emergence of infectious diseases significantly threatens biosafety and human health. Anthropogenic activities, including rapid urbanization, agricultural intensification, global trade, and travel, are major drivers of zoonotic disease emergence. Emphasizing on the nexus of human, animal, and environmental health, the ‘One Health’ approach has been widely accepted for managing and preventing zoonoses. Urban environments are characterized by strong and complex interactions among the microbiomes of humans, animals, and various environmental components, which manifest critical roles in urban biosafety. This review summarizes the recent advances and major challenges facing biosafety in urban environments. We also propose a prevention and control system for biosafety in urban environments through multi-sectoral and transdisciplinary collaborations to improve risk assessment and prevention for zoonotic disease threats at the system level. |
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