| 铸造行业挥发性有机物排放成分谱及影响 |
| 摘要点击 2959 全文点击 814 投稿时间：2020-08-13 修订日期：2020-09-29 |
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| 中文关键词 铸造行业 VOCs源成分谱 臭氧生成潜势 排放特征 生产工序 |
| 英文关键词 foundry industry source profiles of VOCs ozone formation potential emission characteristics production processes |
| 作者 | 单位 | E-mail | | 高爽 | 生态环境部环境工程评估中心, 北京 100012
生态环境部国家环境保护环境影响评价数值模拟重点实验室, 北京 100012 | gaoshuang@acee.org.cn | | 李时蓓 | 生态环境部环境工程评估中心, 北京 100012
生态环境部国家环境保护环境影响评价数值模拟重点实验室, 北京 100012 | lisb@acee.org.cn | | 伯鑫 | 生态环境部环境工程评估中心, 北京 100012
生态环境部国家环境保护环境影响评价数值模拟重点实验室, 北京 100012 | | | 李厚宇 | 山东省生态环境规划研究院, 济南 250101 | | | 舒木水 | 北京市劳动保护科学研究所, 北京 100054 | | | 淡默 | 北京市劳动保护科学研究所, 北京 100054 | | | 屈加豹 | 生态环境部环境工程评估中心, 北京 100012
生态环境部国家环境保护环境影响评价数值模拟重点实验室, 北京 100012 | | | 雷团团 | 生态环境部环境工程评估中心, 北京 100012
生态环境部国家环境保护环境影响评价数值模拟重点实验室, 北京 100012 | |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 采用气袋-吸附管采样方法对京津冀地区9家铸造企业重点工序有组织和无组织排放气体进行采集，运用气相色谱-质谱联用技术（GC-MS）测定了56种VOCs组分，首次建立了铸造行业基于生产工序的VOCs源成分谱，并且结合臭氧生成潜势分析了VOCs对臭氧生成的贡献.结果表明，铸造行业VOCs特征组分主要为芳烃、卤代烃和含氧VOCs，平均占比分别为：50.9%、20.8%和12.6%.总体而言，甲苯、苯、间/对-二甲苯等芳烃，二氯甲烷、三氯乙烯等卤代烃，丙酮、乙酸乙酯、环戊酮等含氧VOCs和部分高碳烷烃是铸造行业的特征物种.铸造企业不同生产工序的VOCs特征物种与所使用溶剂、表面处理剂的成分相关.喷漆工序是铸造行业中排放浓度最高的环节，其次为造型、硅溶胶和浇注工序.不同生产工序排放VOCs的OFP在0.29~96.09 mg·m-3之间.喷漆工序是铸造行业OFP最高的环节，其次是造型、熔炼和浇注工序；芳烃和含氧VOCs是各生产工序OFP贡献较高的组分.1，3，5-三甲苯、1，2，4-三甲苯、甲苯和间/对-二甲苯等芳烃是铸造行业OFP贡献较高的物种，总贡献比例超过60%.建议重点对喷漆工序排放VOCs采取有效治理措施；对造型、熔炼和浇注等工序排放VOCs应采取有效收集和治理措施. |
| 英文摘要 |
| The characteristics of the VOCs species in foundry industries based on the production processes were analyzed through gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) after sampling the emissions of VOCs in 9 typical foundry enterprises using air packages and absorption tubes. The source profiles of the VOCs species in foundry industries based on production processes were established for the first time in China. In addition, the emission characteristics of VOCs and the contribution of VOCs emitted by various production processes to ozone generation were also studied. The results showed that the characteristic components of the VOCs in foundry industries were predominantly aromatic hydrocarbons, halogenated hydrocarbons, and oxygenated hydrocarbons. The average concentrations were 50.9%, 20.8%, and 12.6%, respectively. In general, aromatic hydrocarbons, such as toluene, benzene, and m/p-xylene; halogenated hydrocarbons, such as trichloroethylene and dichloromethane; oxygenated hydrocarbons, such as acetone, ethyl acetate, cyclopentanone, and some alkanes, were the primary VOCs species of the foundry industries. The emission characteristics of different production processes were related to the solvents and surface treating agents used by each process. The results also demonstrated that painting was the largest contributor of VOCs concentrations among all the production processes, followed by the modeling procedure and the silica sol and pouring processes. The OFP values for the different production processes ranged from 0.29-96.09 mg·m-3. Painting was the largest contributor to OFP, followed by the modeling procedure and the melting and pouring processes. Aromatic hydrocarbons and oxygenated hydrocarbons were the dominant contributors to OFP, and 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene, 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene, toluene, and m/p-xylene were the main active components in the foundry industry, with a total contribution to the ozone generation potential of nearly 60%. It is suggested that the painting process should be prioritized regarding control measures to reduce its emissions and impact, while the waste gas from the modeling procedure and the melting and pouring processes should be collected efficiently and treated properly before being discharged to the environment. |
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