| 两种能源草田间条件下对镉和锌的吸收累积 |
| 摘要点击 2277 全文点击 632 投稿时间：2020-08-29 修订日期：2020-09-27 |
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| 中文关键词 杂交狼尾草 象草 遏蓝菜 马蔺 镉 锌 |
| 英文关键词 hybrid penisetum elephant grass Noccaea caerulescens Iris lactea cadmium zinc |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 大生物量能源草对镉污染土壤的修复潜力如何还未知.本研究采用两种能源草杂交狼尾草（Pennisetum americanum×P.purpureum）和紫色象草（P.purpureum ‘Purple’）以及马蔺（Iris lactea var.chinensis）和镉的超累积植物遏蓝菜（Noccaea caerulescens）为对照，在镉污染农田上开展田间试验.结果表明，杂交狼尾草的地上部生物量最大，分别是遏蓝菜和马蔺的126和36倍，与紫色象草地上部生物量无显著差异.遏蓝菜地上部和根部中镉和锌的含量显著高于其他植物.马蔺地上部和根部的锌含量最小，而镉含量显著大于紫色象草和杂交狼尾草（P<0.05）.虽然地上部和根部的镉含量显著小于马蔺和超累积植物遏蓝菜，紫色象草地上部中镉和锌的累积量最大，镉累积量分别是马蔺和遏蓝菜的7.0和4.1倍，锌累积量分别是马蔺和遏蓝菜的41和11倍（P<0.05）.杂交狼尾草地上部镉和锌的累积量略低于紫色象草.遏蓝菜的地上部中镉和锌的富集系数均大于1，其体内镉和锌的转移系数均大于1，可用于提取修复镉锌复合污染土壤；马蔺根部镉富集系数大于1，其体内镉的转移系数小于1，可用于稳定修复镉污染土壤；紫色象草根部锌富集系数大于1，其体内锌的转移系数小于1，可用于稳定修复锌污染土壤.田间条件下，由于大的生物量，紫色象草和杂交狼尾草表现出较强的土壤镉和锌的提取去除潜力，且可产生经济效益，应用前景较好. |
| 英文摘要 |
| The remediation potential of large biomass energy grasses in cadmium-contaminated soil remains ambiguous. A field experiment was carried out in a cadmium-contaminated farmland using two energy grasses and two control plants. The two energy grasses were hybrid pennisetum (Pennisetum americanum×P. purpureum, PAP) and purple elephant grass (P. purpureum ‘Purple’, PPP), and the two control plants were Iris lactea var. chinensis (ILC) and a cadmium hyperaccumulator, Noccaea caerulescens (NC). The results showed that the aboveground biomass of PAP was the largest among the four plants, and 126 and 36 times that of NC and ILC, respectively, but no significant difference with that of PPP. The concentrations of cadmium and zinc in the shoots and roots of NC were significantly higher than in the other plants. Zinc concentrations in the shoots and roots of ILC were lower than in the other plants, while cadmium concentrations were significantly higher than in PAP and PPP (P<0.05). The amounts of cadmium and zinc accumulated in the shoots of PPP were the highest among the four plants, while cadmium concentrations in the shoots and roots of PPP were significantly lower than in ILC and NC (P<0.05). Cadmium amounts accumulated in PPP shoots were 7.0 and 4.1 times that of ILC and NC, respectively. Zinc amounts accumulated in PPP shoots were 41 and 11 times that of ILC and NC, respectively (P<0.05). Cadmium accumulation in the shoots of PAP was 19.4% lower than in PPP, and zinc accumulation had no significant difference with that of PPP. NC, having a bioconcentration factor of shoot (BCFS) and a translocation factor (TF) for cadmium and zinc both larger than 1, is usable for phytoextraction of soils contaminated by cadmium and zinc. ILC, having a bioconcentration factor of root (BCFR) larger than 1 and a TF lower than 1 for cadmium, is usable for the phytostabilization of soils contaminated by cadmium. PPP, having a BCFR larger than 1 and a TF lower than 1 for zinc, can be used in the phytostabilization of soils contaminated by zinc. Under field conditions, PPP and PAP showed great potential for the extraction and removal of cadmium and zinc from soil due to their large biomass and ability to produce economic benefits, have good application prospects. |
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