| 基于土壤重金属及PAHs来源的人体健康风险定量评价:以北京某工业污染场地为例 |
| 摘要点击 2372 全文点击 1198 投稿时间：2019-10-22 修订日期：2020-03-18 |
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| 中文关键词 重金属 多环芳香烃(PAHs) 正矩阵分解模型(PMF) 源分析 人体健康风险评价 |
| 英文关键词 heavy metals polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs) positive matrix factorization (PMF) source analysis human health risk assessment |
| 作者 | 单位 | E-mail | | 吴志远 | 北京市环境保护科学研究院, 污染场地风险模拟与修复北京市重点实验室, 北京 100037
中国矿业大学(北京), 地球科学与测绘工程学院, 北京 100083 | wuzhiyuan@cee.cn | | 张丽娜 | 北京市环境保护科学研究院, 污染场地风险模拟与修复北京市重点实验室, 北京 100037 | zhln2011@163.com | | 夏天翔 | 北京市环境保护科学研究院, 污染场地风险模拟与修复北京市重点实验室, 北京 100037 | | | 贾晓洋 | 北京市环境保护科学研究院, 污染场地风险模拟与修复北京市重点实验室, 北京 100037 | | | 李慧颖 | 北京市环境保护科学研究院, 污染场地风险模拟与修复北京市重点实验室, 北京 100037 | | | 王世杰 | 北京市环境保护科学研究院, 污染场地风险模拟与修复北京市重点实验室, 北京 100037 | |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 以北京某工业污染场地为研究对象，采集130个表层土壤样本，测定了As、Be、Cd、Cu、Cr、Hg、Ni、Pb、Sb、Ti和Zn这11种重金属元素和16种多环芳香烃（polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons，PAHs）元素的含量.运用正矩阵分解模型（positive matrix factorization，PMF）解析重金属及PAHs污染源，并对各个污染源致癌风险及非致癌风险贡献率进行了分析.结果表明，研究场地土壤重金属含量均在不同程度超出北京土壤环境质量背景值，其中Cd、Hg、Pb、Zn和Cu这5种重金属超标率均>50%，污染最为严重.130个采样点中低环（2~3环）PAHs和高环（4~6环）PAHs含量分别占∑16PAHs含量的39.6%和60.4%，77%的采样点PAHs含量大于1000 μg ·kg-1，属于PAHs严重污染.污染源分析Be、Ti、As和Ni这4种重金属为自然来源.其余7种重金属和16种PAHs具有3种污染来源，分别为煤炭燃烧源（Hg和∑16PAHs），冶炼源（Cu、Cr、Pb和Zn）和交通源（Sb和Cd）.3种污染源对130个采样点内7种污染重金属和16种PAHs平均含量的贡献率依次为8.46%、90.61%和0.94%.人体健康评价结果显示130个采样点中各污染物的致癌风险值分布在4.17×10-6~39.38×10-4之间，非致癌风险分布在0~32.23之间，致癌风险和非致癌风险最大值均位于焦化厂附近，其中BaP是影响土壤致癌风险的主要污染物，Zn是影响土壤非致癌风险的主要污染物.煤炭燃烧源的平均致癌风险值为2.16×10-4，占总平均致癌风险的50.26%.冶炼源的平均非致癌风险值为0.834，占总平均非致癌风险的56.43%，这2种污染源是影响该工业污染场地土壤重金属和PAHs人体健康风险的主要因素.本研究结果能够为相似工业污染场地土壤修复及生产工艺优化提供参考. |
| 英文摘要 |
| In this study, 130 surface soil samples were collected at an industrial pollution site in Beijing and the contents of As, Be, Cd, Cu, Cr, Hg, Ni, Pb, Sb, Ti, Zn, and 16 PAHs were determined. The positive matrix factorization (PMF) model was used to analyze the sources of heavy metals and PAHs, and the contributions of these sources to carcinogenic risk and hazard index in the study area were calculated. The results showed that the contents of Cd, Cu, Pb, Hg, As, Zn, and Cr in the soil exceeded the background values in different degrees; Cd, Hg, Pb, Zn, and Cu exceeded the background values by>50%. Low molecular weight PAHs (two and three rings) and high molecular weight PAHs (four to six rings) accounted for 39.6% and 60.4% of the total content of 16 PAHs. The PAH content at 77% of the sampling points at the target site was more than 1000 μg ·kg-1, which suggests severe PAH pollution at the site. Heavy metals Be, Ti, As, and Ni mainly originated from natural sources. There are three major sources of 7 heavy metals and 16 PAHs at the site: coal combustion (Hg and ∑16PAHs), smelting (Cu, Cr, Pb, and Zn), and traffic (Sb and Cd). The contribution rates of these sources to the total average contents of seven heavy metals and sixteen PAHs at 130 sampling sites were 8.46% (coal combustion), 90.61% (smelting), and 0.94% (traffic). Human health risk assessment results showed that the carcinogenic risk of seven heavy metals and ∑16PAHs ranged from 4.17×10-6 to 39.38×10-4, and the hazard index ranged from 0 to 32.23. The maximum carcinogenic risk and hazard index values were calculated near the coking plant. Benzo[α]pyrene was the PAH that posed the highest carcinogenic risk and Zn was the heavy metal that had the highest hazard index value. The average carcinogenic risk of coal combustion was 2.16×10-4, accounting for 50.26% of the total average carcinogenic risk. The average hazard index of smelting was 0.834, accounting for 56.43% of the total average non-carcinogenic risk. These two pollution sources are responsible for the high levels of heavy metals and PAHs in the soil of the steel smelting sites that pose the most severe health risks. The results of this study can provide reference for soil remediation and process optimization at other heavily polluted industrial sites. |
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