| 有机无机肥配施对不同程度盐渍土N2O排放的影响 |
| 摘要点击 1574 全文点击 634 投稿时间：2020-02-08 修订日期：2020-03-06 |
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| 中文关键词 氧化亚氮(N2O) 盐渍化土壤 有机无机肥配施 铵态氮(NH4+-N) 硝态氮(NO3--N) 土壤孔隙充水率(WFPS) |
| 英文关键词 N2O salinization soil combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers NH4+-N NO3--N water-filled pore spaces(WFPS) |
| 作者 | 单位 | E-mail | | 周慧 | 内蒙古农业大学水利与土木建筑工程学院, 呼和浩特 010018
内蒙古农业大学旱区农业节水与水土环境研究所, 呼和浩特 010018 | 792606382@qq.com | | 史海滨 | 内蒙古农业大学水利与土木建筑工程学院, 呼和浩特 010018
内蒙古农业大学旱区农业节水与水土环境研究所, 呼和浩特 010018 | shb@imau.edu.cn | | 郭珈玮 | 内蒙古农业大学水利与土木建筑工程学院, 呼和浩特 010018
内蒙古农业大学旱区农业节水与水土环境研究所, 呼和浩特 010018 | | | 张文聪 | 内蒙古农业大学水利与土木建筑工程学院, 呼和浩特 010018
内蒙古农业大学旱区农业节水与水土环境研究所, 呼和浩特 010018 | | | 王维刚 | 内蒙古农业大学水利与土木建筑工程学院, 呼和浩特 010018
内蒙古农业大学旱区农业节水与水土环境研究所, 呼和浩特 010018 | |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 选取内蒙古河套灌区轻度盐渍土S1（EC为0.46 dS·m-1）及中度盐渍土S2（EC为1.07 dS·m-1）为研究对象，在等施氮量条件下，采用静态箱-气相色谱法研究了不同有机无机肥配施比例：CK（不施肥）、U1（240 kg·hm-2化肥）、U3O1（180 kg·hm-2化肥+60 kg·hm-2有机肥）、U1O1（120 kg·hm-2化肥+120 kg·hm-2有机肥）、U1O3（60 kg·hm-2化肥+180 kg·hm-2有机肥）和O1（240 kg·hm-2有机肥）对春玉米农田土壤N2O排放的影响，旨在明确不同施肥策略下土壤N2O排放特征，为制定盐渍化农田合理的减排措施提供理论依据.结果表明，2种不同程度盐渍化土壤N2O排放存在显著差异，同一处理S2土壤N2O排放总量较S1土壤高出11.86%～47.23%（P<0.05）.各施肥处理对土壤N2O排放通量影响趋势基本一致，即施肥后出现排放高峰，基肥和追肥后累积排放量占整个生育期排放量60%左右.适当施入有机肥可以显著降低土壤N2O排放，S1和S2盐渍土分别以U1O1及O1处理N2O排放量最小，较U1处理显著降低33.62%和28.51%（P<0.05），同时可以获得较高的玉米产量.各施肥处理N2O排放通量与土壤NH4+-N呈极显著正相关关系（P<0.01），而与土壤NO3--N含量呈负相关关系，表明硝化作用是盐渍化玉米农田N2O产生的主要途径，配施有机肥可以持续减少土壤NH4+-N供给而减少N2O的排放.从玉米产量及减少温室效应的角度，得到本地区适宜的施肥管理模式：轻度盐渍土为120 kg·hm-2有机肥+120 kg·hm-2化肥，中度盐渍土为240 kg·hm-2有机肥. |
| 英文摘要 |
| Combining organic fertilizer with chemical fertilizer may affect the microbial processes related to nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions under different degrees of soil salinization. A mild saline soil (S1; electrical conductivity (EC) 0.46 dS·m-1) and moderate saline soil (S2; EC 1.07 dS·m-1) in the Hetao irrigation district of Inner Mongolia were selected. Under equal N rates, the study involved five treatments:U1 (240 kg·hm-2 of chemical fertilizer), U3O1 (180 kg·hm-2 of chemical fertilizer+60 kg·hm-2 of organic fertilizer), U1O1 (120 kg·hm-2 of chemical fertilizer+120 kg·hm-2 of organic fertilizer), U1O3 (60 kg·hm-2 of chemical fertilizer+180 kg·hm-2 of organic fertilizer), and O1 (240 kg·hm-2 of organic fertilizer). In addition, a blank control treatment (CK) was employed to investigate the effects of different fertilization treatments on the N2O emissions from the two saline soils. The results showed that the total N2O emissions from the S2 soil in the same treatment were between 11.86% and 47.23% higher than those from the S1 soil (P<0.05). the dynamic trend of the soil N2O fluxes among the different treatments were similar. The peak N2O emissions occurred after fertilization, and the N2O cumulative emission fluxes accounted for nearly 60% of the emissions during the entire growth period. The proper application of organic fertilizer could significantly reduce the soil N2O emission; the S1 and S2 saline soils treated with U1O1 and O1, respectively, had the lowest N2O emissions, whereby there were significant reductions of 33.62% and 28.51% in comparison to the U1 treatment (P<0.05). Moreover, higher maize yields could be obtained and the N2O flux was significantly positively correlated with the NH4+-N content (P<0.01) but negatively correlated with the NO3--N content. The results demonstrated that nitrification was the main way to produce N2O in the studied salinized maize farmland, and that the addition of organic fertilizer could reduce the N2O production by decreasing the soil NH4+-N content. Based on the changes in the corn yield and a reduction in the greenhouse effect, suitable organic and inorganic fertilizer management models for the Hetao irrigation area were the mild saline soil:120 kg·hm-2 of urea +120 kg·hm-2 of organic fertilizer), and the moderate saline soil:240 kg·hm-2 of organic fertilizer. |
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