| 钝化与叶面阻控对不同基因型红菜苔镉累积的影响 |
| 摘要点击 1068 全文点击 373 投稿时间：2020-01-10 修订日期：2020-02-16 |
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| 中文关键词 生物质炭(BC) 钙镁磷肥 低镉累积基因型红菜苔 土壤钝化 叶面阻控 |
| 英文关键词 biochar (BC) calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizers Tsai-tai genotype with low cadmium accumulation immobilization foliar application of selenium |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 为探索中轻度重金属镉（Cd）污染农田安全利用技术，实现农产品安全生产，以两种不同镉累积基因型红菜苔为供试作物，采用盆栽试验的方法，分别于两种作物上设置相同的6个处理：对照（CK）、添加3%（质量分数）生物质炭（BC）、添加0.17%钙镁磷肥（CMP）、叶面喷施3 mg·L-1 Na2SeO3的水溶液（Se）、BC+Se和CMP+Se，研究不同处理土壤镉有效性变化及植株不同部位镉累积特征.结果表明：①相同处理下，低镉累积基因型金秋红三号红菜苔根部土壤有效态镉含量均显著低于高镉累积基因型十月红.BC和CMP两种钝化剂对金秋红三号根部土壤中的镉钝化效果显著，且BC效果更佳，钝化处理的效果显著优于叶面阻控.②金秋红三号红菜苔根系较十月红对镉有更强的富集能力，其富集的镉倾向于囤积在根部.叶面施硒与两种钝化剂对抑制镉向红菜苔可食部位转移富集无协同效果.③在BC和CMP钝化处理下，金秋红三号红菜苔可食部位镉含量低于GB 2762-2017中镉限量值（0.10 mg·kg-1）.本研究表明，针对中轻度镉污染农田土壤，通过施加生物质炭、钙镁磷肥等绿色钝化剂，种植弱吸收低积累作物品种，可以实现受镉污染农田的安全利用和农产品的安全生产. |
| 英文摘要 |
| To explore the safe utilization of technology in mildly and moderately cadmium (Cd)-contaminated farmland and realize the safe production of agricultural products, two different cadmium-accumulating genotypes of Tsai-tai were used as test crops, using the pot experiment method. The same six treatments were set on the soil where the two test crops were planted:control (CK), addition of 3% (mass fraction) biochar (BC), addition of 0.17% calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizers (CMP), foliar application of 3 mg·L-1 Na2SeO3 aqueous solution (Se), BC+Se, and CMP+Se, to study the changes in available cadmium in soil under different treatments and the characteristics of cadmium accumulation in different parts of the plant. The results showed that:① Under the same treatment, the content of available cadmium in soil near the root of the low-cadmium-accumulating genotype of Tsai-tai of Jinqiuhong Ⅲ was significantly lower than that of the high-cadmium-accumulating genotype of Shiyuehong. BC and CMP had a significant passivating effect on cadmium in the soil near the root of Jinqiuhong Ⅲ, and the passivating effect of BC was better than that of CMP; the effect of passivating treatment was significantly better than that of foliar application of selenium. ② The root system of Tsai-tai of Jinqiuhong Ⅲ had a stronger ability to accumulate cadmium than that of Shiyuehong, and the accumulated cadmium tended to be stored in the root. There were no synergistic effects between the foliar application of selenium and the two kinds of passivants on inhibiting the transfer and enrichment of cadmium to the edible parts of Tsai-tai. ③ Under the treatments of BC and CMP, the content of cadmium in the edible part of Tsai-tai of Jinqiuhong Ⅲ was lower than the limit value of cadmium in GB 2762-2017 (0.10 mg·kg-1). This study shows that for mildly and moderately cadmium-contaminated farmland, applying green passivants such as biochar, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizers, and planting crops with weak absorption and low accumulation can achieve the safe use of the cadmium-contaminated farmland and safe production of agricultural products. |
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