| 北京市土壤风蚀扬尘排放因子本地化 |
| 摘要点击 1677 全文点击 479 投稿时间：2019-08-30 修订日期：2020-01-08 |
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| 中文关键词 土壤风蚀扬尘 排放因子 本地化 植被覆盖因子 土壤风蚀指数 气候因子 |
| 英文关键词 soil wind erosion dust emission factor localization vegetation coverage factor soil erodibility index climatic factor |
| 作者 | 单位 | E-mail | | 李贝贝 | 北京市环境保护科学研究院, 国家城市环境污染控制工程技术研究中心, 北京 100037 | leebeibei0404@163.com | | 黄玉虎 | 北京市环境保护科学研究院, 国家城市环境污染控制工程技术研究中心, 北京 100037 | huangyuhu@sina.com | | 毕晓辉 | 南开大学环境科学与工程学院, 国家环境保护城市空气颗粒物污染防治重点实验室, 天津 300071 | | | 刘李阳 | 北京市环境保护科学研究院, 国家城市环境污染控制工程技术研究中心, 北京 100037
首都师范大学资源环境与旅游学院, 北京 100048 | | | 秦建平 | 北京市环境保护科学研究院, 国家城市环境污染控制工程技术研究中心, 北京 100037 | |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 土壤风蚀扬尘源是细颗粒物（PM2.5）的来源之一，对比国内典型省市扬尘源排放清单，发现土壤风蚀扬尘源对本地扬尘源PM2.5排放清单的贡献率最大差别为4个数量级.本研究改进一种土壤风蚀扬尘排放因子公式及参数值确定方法，利用遥感影像、中国土壤数据集和各区气象数据，分别获得北京市平原区植被覆盖因子（V）、土壤风蚀指数（I）和气候因子（C）空间分布，并估算土壤风蚀扬尘PM2.5排放因子空间分布.结果表明：① 以北京市2017年为例，发现国内学者计算的C值都存在不同程度低估，PM2.5排放因子存在高估或低估；② V、I和C值都具有明显空间差异，V、I和C值平均值分别为0.63±0.09、188±73和0.029±0.009，各区V、I和C值的最大值分别是最小值的1.5、2.1和4.5倍；③ 北京市土壤风蚀扬尘PM2.5排放因子呈现西北和东南方向较高的空间分布，全市平均排放因子为（0.0018±0.0008）t·（hm2·a）-1，是最高区（西城）和最低区（平谷）数值的0.54和3.12倍，较高强度（0.6~0.8]和高强度（0.8~1.0]的标准化排放因子面积占比分别为0.72%和0.04%. |
| 英文摘要 |
| Soil wind erosion dust is one of the primary sources of fine particulate matter (PM2.5). Compared with the fugitive dust emission inventory of typical domestic provinces and cities, we found that the maximum among the contribution rates of soil wind erosion dust to the local total fugitive dust PM2.5 emission inventory was about 4 orders of magnitude higher than the minimum. This study provided a wind erosion equation and a determination method of parameter values. The remote sensing interpretation, China soil dataset, and meteorological data of each district in Beijing were used to achieve the spatial distribution of the vegetation coverage factor (V), soil erodibility index (I), and climatic factors (C) in the plain area of Beijing. This study also estimated the emission factor of soil wind erosion dust and its spatial distribution. The main conclusions are as follows: ① Taking 2017 and Beijing city as an example, it was found that the climatic factor (C) was underestimated to different extents by domestic scholars, and PM2.5 emission factors were overestimated or underestimated. ② V, I, and C showed apparent spatial differences and the average values of them were 0.63±0.09, 188±73, and 0.029±0.009, respectively. The maximum values of V, I, and C were 1.5, 2.1, and 4.5 times the minimum among all districts, respectively. ③ The PM2.5 emission factor of soil wind erosion dust in Beijing showed a high spatial distribution in the northwest and southeast. The average emission factor of the city was (0.0018±0.0008) t·(hm2·a)-1, which is 0.54 times the highest emission factor (Xicheng District) and 3.12 times the lowest (Pinggu District). The area proportions of standardized emission factors with higher intensity (0.6 to 0.8] and high intensity (0.8 to 1.0] was 0.72% and 0.04%, respectively. |
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