| 2003~2013年中国湿地变化的空间格局与关联性 |
| 摘要点击 1565 全文点击 615 投稿时间：2020-01-02 修订日期：2020-02-25 |
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| 中文关键词 湿地变化 空间格局 空间自相关 标准差椭圆 局部空间自相关(LISA) |
| 英文关键词 wetland changes spatial distribution patterns spatial autocorrelations standard deviation ellipse local indicators of spatial association(LISA) |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 以全国两次湿地资源调查数据为基础，借助ArcGIS可视化平台，采用标准差椭圆和空间自相关等方法，分析中国湿地变化的空间格局，揭示湿地变化的空间关联性.结果表明：①中国湿地存在明显的动态变化和分区特征，总湿地椭圆中心向正西方向移动，自然湿地与人工湿地的空间分异程度在增加；②人工湿地变化不存在显著的空间自相关性，自然湿地变化则存在显著的空间正相关性，表现出空间集聚状态，并产生了1个热点集聚区分布于青海、西藏和四川，1个独立热点区分布在内蒙古和1个冷点区分布在河南.Moran's I统计表明自然湿地变化表现出空间变化上的连续性，人工湿地变化表现为空间随机性；③自然湿地保护效果表现出湿地保护高效区、低效区和不稳定区三大类分级特征，可细分为5小类.Moran统计能有效识别自然湿地变化的空间关联性，划定湿地保护效果，从而有利于明确湿地保护的地区差距，为系统制定湿地保护与管理决策提供依据，也为湿地保护效果评定研究提供新方法应用. |
| 英文摘要 |
| Wetlands play an important role in maintaining ecosystem functions. Wetlands in China have suffered intensive human disturbance, especially before 2000, resulting in great losses and degradation. Therefore, two national wetland resource surveys were carried out by the Chinese government during 1998-2003 and 2008-2013 to determine the status of wetlands, understand their dynamics, and provide substantial data that can aid scientific wetland conservation. Based on the survey data, the spatial pattern and spatial autocorrelation were explored using the standard deviation ellipse as well as global and local spatial autocorrelation statistics. GIS mapping was employed to display the results via the visualization of the spatial patterns and relationships. Results indicate that:① Changes in the wetlands of China are significant and exhibit obvious regional differences. The center of the ellipse of the total wetlands has moved to the west, and the degree of spatial differentiation between natural wetlands and artificial wetlands is increasing. There is no significant spatial autocorrelation for changes in artificial wetlands. ② The changes in natural wetlands are significantly spatially autocorrelated and clustered, which are identified by global Moran's I and local Moran's I. The hotspots of natural wetland change are concentrated primarily in Qinghai, Tibet, and Sichuan. The individual hotspot is in Inner Mongolia and the cold spot is in Henan. The difference in spatial autocorrelation between natural and artificial wetland changes indicates that natural wetland changes have shown spatial continuity, while artificial wetland changes have shown strong spatial randomness. ③ Some useful spatial associations are used to delineate wetland conservation effects. Then, three major or five minor effective protection management regions are identified. Wetland conservation efforts should be continuously strengthened and improved, especially in the middle-lower Yangtze River region of central China. The use of Moran statistics helps to reveal spatial autocorrelation and identify the conservation effects in wetland changes, which can provide a basis for decision-making in regional wetland conservation and management systems. |
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