| 不同生物炭对酸性农田土壤性质和作物产量的动态影响 |
| 摘要点击 3296 全文点击 1365 投稿时间：2019-10-15 修订日期：2019-11-12 |
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| 中文关键词 生物炭 酸化 交换性能 磷素养分 作物产量 |
| 英文关键词 biochar acidification exchangeable cations phosphorus nutrient crop yield |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 为研究不同原料生物炭对农田土壤酸度、交换性能、磷素养分以及作物产量的综合动态影响，试验设置空白（CK）、水稻秸秆生物炭（RSB）、玉米秸秆生物炭（MSB）、小麦秸秆生物炭（WSB）、稻壳生物炭（RHB）和竹炭（BCB）这6种处理，生物炭按质量分数0.1%施入农田进行长期定点试验，测定水稻、油菜和玉米这3季作物产量和作物收割后的土壤理化性质.结果表明，添加不同原料生物炭可有效提高土壤pH和交换性能，降低交换性酸含量，作用效果随时间下降.生物炭对盐基离子组成的影响为提高交换性K+、Ca2+和Mg2+含量，降低Na+含量.生物炭能不同程度地增加土壤有机质（SOM）、速效磷、总磷和无机磷（Al-P和Fe-P）含量，作物产量较当季对照显著提高（P<0.05），稻壳生物炭在改良酸性土壤理化性质和提高作物产量方面效果较好. |
| 英文摘要 |
| To investigate the dynamic effects of biochars produced from different biomass materials on farmland soil acidity, exchangeable cations, phosphorus nutrient, and crop yield, a field experiment was performed on acid paddy soil. Five types of biochars-rice straw biochar (RSB), maize straw biochar (MSB), wheat straw biochar (WSB), rice husk biochar (RHB), and bamboo charcoal (BCB)-were applied to farmland soil at mass fraction of 0.1%. No biochar addition was used as control treatment (CK). The soil physicochemical properties and crop yields were analyzed after harvesting rice, rapeseed, and corn crops. Results indicated that the addition of biochars could effectively increase soil pH and exchangeable cations and reduce exchangeable acid content, but the effects decreased with time. The biochars increased the content of exchangeable K+, Ca2+, and Mg2+ and decreased the exchangeable Na+ content in soils. The biochars increased the contents of organic matter (SOM), available phosphorus, total phosphorus, and inorganic phosphorus (Al-P and Fe-P). Compared with the control treatment, biochars significantly (P<0.05) increased the yields of rice, oil seed, and maize crops. Rice husk biochar (RHB) had the best effect in improving acid soil physicochemical properties and increasing crop yield. |
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