| 水文气象因素对东南山区水库硅藻异常增殖的影响 |
| 摘要点击 1821 全文点击 633 投稿时间：2017-07-31 修订日期：2017-09-01 |
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| 中文关键词 水库 硅藻 异常增殖 积温 降雨量 极端天气事件 |
| 英文关键词 reservoir diatom proliferation accumulated temperature rainfall extreme weather event |
| 作者 | 单位 | E-mail | | 孙祥 | 中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究所湖泊与环境国家重点实验室, 南京 210008
安徽师范大学环境科学与工程学院, 芜湖 241003 | xsun1992@outlook.com | | 朱广伟 | 中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究所湖泊与环境国家重点实验室, 南京 210008 | gwzhu@niglas.ac.cn | | 笪文怡 | 西华师范大学环境科学与工程学院, 南充 637009 | | | 余茂蕾 | 西华师范大学环境科学与工程学院, 南充 637009 | | | 杨文斌 | 安徽师范大学环境科学与工程学院, 芜湖 241003 | | | 朱梦圆 | 中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究所湖泊与环境国家重点实验室, 南京 210008 | | | 许海 | 中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究所湖泊与环境国家重点实验室, 南京 210008 | | | 国超旋 | 中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究所湖泊与环境国家重点实验室, 南京 210008 | | | 余丽 | 中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究所湖泊与环境国家重点实验室, 南京 210008 | |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 硅藻异常增殖是影响我国许多水库水质安全的生态灾害.为揭示水库硅藻异常增殖的影响因素，以我国东南丘陵地区大（Ⅱ）型水库天目湖沙河水库为例，基于8年逐月浮游植物群落结构及相关环境因子的监测，分析了硅藻（Bacillariophyta）及其优势属生物量与温度、降雨、水位、营养盐等环境因子之间的关系.结果表明，春季硅藻及其优势属的生物量主要受温度的影响，与水文、营养盐关系较弱；不同硅藻优势属与水温的关系差异较大：针杆藻（Synedra）的最佳生长温度为27℃，小环藻（Cyclotella）与曲壳藻（Achnanthes）的最佳生长温度为19℃，直链藻（Melosira）适合在低温下生长，生物量随温度升高而降低；硅藻生物量与环境因子的多元统计分析表明，硅藻总生物量、针杆藻和曲壳藻等优势属生物量峰值与降雨量显著性正相关（P<0.05），小环藻生物量峰值与总磷、降雨量和水位显著性正相关，而与换水率显著性负相关，直链藻生物量峰值与总磷显著性正相关.年度硅藻峰值强度可以用降雨量强度和时间、冬春季的积温和溶解性总磷浓度等综合因素拟合预测.研究表明，对于我国东南丘陵山区中营养水平的水库而言，硅藻优势属的异常增殖事件受水文气象因素异常事件的影响较大，相比较而言对氮磷营养盐响应偏弱；在防控水库硅藻异常增殖灾害方面，除了积极开展流域营养盐削减措施之外，应当密切关注极端天气综合影响，采取相应的水文调节措施，开发切实有效的灾害预警技术. |
| 英文摘要 |
| The proliferation of diatoms is an ecological disaster that harms the water quality of many reservoirs in China. In order to reveal the driving factors of abnormal algal blooms in reservoirs, phytoplankton community structure and the associated environmental factors from 2009 to 2016 from Shahe Reservoir in Tianmuhu were analyzed. Results showed that diatoms and there dominant genus were predominately driven by temperature, and the relationship between hydrology and nutrition was insignificant. Distinct relationships were recorded between different diatom genera and temperature over the past eight years. The optimum growth temperature of diatoms and Synedra were both 27℃, while that for Cyclotella and Achnanthes were both 19℃. Low temperature was suitable for the growth of Melosira, and its growth was compromised with increasing temperature. In a multivariable statistical analysis of the dominant diatom genus and the associated environmental factors, we found that the dominant diatom genus responded differently to the associated environmental factors. The total biomass of the diatom and the biomass of Synedra and Achnanthes were significantly and positively correlated with rainfall (P<0.05). The biomass of Cyclotella was significantly and positively correlated with total phosphorus, rainfall, and water level (P<0.05) and significantly and negatively correlated with water exchange rate (P<0.05). The biomass of Melosira was significantly and positively correlated with total phosphorus. The annual peak biomass of diatoms can be predicted by a multiple regression model with independent variables, including rainfall intensity, dissolved total phosphorus, and the accumulated temperature in winter and spring. Our results indicated that the proliferation of diatoms responds significantly to hydrological and meteorological factors while insignificantly to nitrogen and phosphorus loading. External load reduction is needed to maintain a good water quality in the reservoir. In addition, extreme weather conditions should be given attention to provide an early warning for diatom proliferation. |
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