| 大气颗粒物及降尘中重金属的分布特征与人体健康风险评价 |
| 摘要点击 3605 全文点击 1526 投稿时间：2017-02-13 修订日期：2017-03-29 |
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| 中文关键词 大气颗粒物 降尘 重金属 分布特征 健康风险 |
| 英文关键词 particulate matter dust heavy metals distribution characteristics health risk assessment |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 为了解PM2.5、PM10和降尘中Cu、Mn、Pb、Ti、V、Cd、Cr、Co、Mo、Ni等10种重金属元素的分布特征及人体健康风险，利用大流量颗粒物采样器采集了北京城区某地四季大气中PM2.5、PM10及降尘样品，用ICP-MS测定了上述10种金属元素的质量浓度.结果表明，PM2.5和PM10的年均质量浓度分别为153.40 μg·m-3和232.93 μg·m-3，超出GB 3095-2012中二类环境功能区标准限值的5倍和3倍；PM2.5/PM10的均值为0.74，表明大气颗粒物中以粒径小于2.5 μm的颗粒为主；后向轨迹分析结果表明外源颗粒物的来向随季节变化而改变，冬、春、夏、秋季主要来向为西北、北-东北、东南、东南-西北.PM2.5和PM10中10种元素的年均质量浓度从高到低依次为Ti > Mn > Pb > Cu > Cr > Ni > V > Cd > Mo > Co，其中Ti、Mn、Pb、Cu和Cr这5种元素占10种目标元素总质量浓度的91.93%和92.49%.除PM10中Cd年均质量浓度（6.53 ng·m-3）高于GB 3095-2012限定值（5.00 ng·m-3）外，其他元素的质量浓度均不超标.降尘中各元素的含量由高到低依次为Ti > Mn > Pb > Cu > Ni > Cr > V > Co > Mo > Cd，Ti（2561.48 μg·g-1）占所有元素的质量分数为72.57%，地累积指数（Igeo）结果表明，Cd（4.03）属重度污染，Pb（2.49）介于中度污染和重度污染之间，Cu（1.33）属中度污染，Ni（0.43）属轻微污染.重金属的致癌健康风险（<10-4）和非致癌健康风险（<1），均处于较低水平，短期内不会对人体健康造成威胁，但不能忽视长期处于此环境所带来的健康危害. |
| 英文摘要 |
| In order to study the concentration, distribution characteristics, and health risk assessment of toxic heavy metals, Cu, Mn, Pb, Ti, V, Cd, Cr, Co, Mo, and Ni, in atmospheric particulate matter (PM) and dust, the PM and dust samples were collected in all four seasons in 2014 in Beijing using two high volume air samplers (Echo Tecora Inc., Italy) and a dust tank, respectively. Selected metals were quantified by ICP-MS. Annual average concentrations of PM2.5 and PM10 were 153.40 μg·m-3 and 232.93 μg·m-3, which were five and three times higher than the Ambient Air Quality Standard values (GB 3095-2012), respectively. The average PM2.5/PM10 was 0.74, implying that PM2.5 predominated the particulate matter concentrations. The results of backward trajectory analysis suggested that exogenous particles originated from the northwest, north-northeast, southeast, and southeast-northwest during winter, spring, summer, and autumn, respectively. The order of annual average concentrations of selected metals in PM2.5 and PM10 was Ti > Mn > Pb > Cu > Cr > Ni > V > Cd > Mo > Co. The sum of the concentrations of Ti, Mn, Pb, Cu, and Cr accounted for 91.93% and 92.49% of the total concentration of target metals in PM2.5 and PM10, respectively. The metal content of dust followed the order of Ti > Mn > Pb > Cu > Ni > Cr > V > Co > Mo > Cd and Ti (2561.48 μg·g-1) accounted for 72.57% of the total metal content of dust. The geo-accumulation index (Igeo) of Cd, Pb, Cu, and Ni were 4.03, 2.49, 1.33, and 0.43, which represented the states of heavily to extremely contaminated, moderately to heavily contaminated, moderately contaminated and uncontaminated to moderately contaminated, respectively, indicating that dust in the target area included significant amounts of Cd, Pb, and Cu. The health risk assessment suggested that non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks of selected metals in PM10 and dust were within safe limits, but their long-term impact cannot be ignored. |
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