| 北京市建筑施工扬尘排放特征 |
| 摘要点击 2764 全文点击 1167 投稿时间：2016-12-08 修订日期：2017-01-13 |
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| 中文关键词 建筑施工扬尘 颗粒物 排放清单 大气污染 排放因子 |
| 英文关键词 fugitive dust at construction site particulate emission inventory air pollution emission factor |
| 作者 | 单位 | E-mail | | 薛亦峰 | 北京市环境保护科学研究院, 国家城市环境污染控制工程技术研究中心, 北京 100037 | xueyf_iep@163.com | | 周震 | 北京市环境保护科学研究院, 国家城市环境污染控制工程技术研究中心, 北京 100037 | | | 黄玉虎 | 北京市环境保护科学研究院, 国家城市环境污染控制工程技术研究中心, 北京 100037 | huangyuhu@sina.com | | 王堃 | 北京市劳动保护科学研究所, 北京 100054 | | | 聂滕 | 北京市环境保护科学研究院, 国家城市环境污染控制工程技术研究中心, 北京 100037 | | | 聂磊 | 北京市环境保护科学研究院, 国家城市环境污染控制工程技术研究中心, 北京 100037 | | | 秦建平 | 北京市环境保护科学研究院, 国家城市环境污染控制工程技术研究中心, 北京 100037 | |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 颗粒物是北京市首要空气污染物，其排放控制是大气污染防治的重要内容，施工扬尘是北京市大气颗粒物的重要来源.由于人口增长及经济的发展，住宅及办公场地的需求不断增加，使得北京市房屋建筑施工面积居高不下，建筑施工扬尘污染受到越来越多的关注，但有关量化施工扬尘排放量及其对北京市空气污染贡献的研究相对较少.本文建立一套建筑施工扬尘排放量的估算方法，采用本地化排放因子估算了北京市2000~2015年建筑施工扬尘排放量，识别施工扬尘的排放特征和规律，并定量了排放量的不确定性范围.采用WRF/CMAQ模式系统模拟量化建筑施工扬尘对空气质量的影响，提出施工扬尘污染控制对策和建议，为环境决策提供参考.结果表明，多年来北京市建筑施工扬尘排放量呈波浪式上升，近年来施工面积有所回落，但仍处于高位，颗粒物排放量仍然较大，需要引起足够的重视；在时间分布上，夏季和秋季的施工扬尘排放量较大，在空间分布上，施工扬尘主要集中在城市功能拓展区和近郊区，与人类活动的外延和城镇化的逐步向外发展有关.建筑施工扬尘对全市环境空气中PM10和PM2.5浓度贡献可达31.3 μg·m-3和9.6 μg·m-3.通过污染控制情景设置和分析，本研究认为要使2030年施工扬尘排放得到较好地削减，应执行更加严格的绿色施工管理规程和加强施工环境监管. |
| 英文摘要 |
| Particulate matter (PM) is the primary air pollutant in Beijing, and its emission control is an important direction of air pollution prevention and control. Construction dust plays a significant role in the source of airborne particulate matter in Beijing. Due to population growth and economic development, the demand for residential and office space has been increasing which results in a high construction area in Beijing and dust pollution caused by construction activities. However, there are few studies focusing on fugitive dust emissions from construction sites and their contribution to air pollution in Beijing. Under this background, this paper established an estimation model of dust emission from construction sites, and used the localized emission factor to calculate the dust emission from 2000 to 2015 in Beijing, identified the emission characteristics and laws of construction dust emission and quantified the uncertainty range of the emissions. The WRF/CMAQ model system was used to simulate the contribution of dust pollution to quantify its influence on air quality. The results showed that the dust emission from construction sites in Beijing has been increasing, but the construction area is falling in recent years. However, the emission of PM is still high and needs to be paid enough attention. In the spatial distribution, the dust emissions in summer and autumn are larger than those in other seasons. As for spatial distribution, the construction dust is mainly concentrated in the urban function extension area and suburban area, which is related to the extension of population activities and the gradual development of urbanization. The contribution of construction dust to PM10 and PM2.5 concentration in the ambient air can reach 31.3 μg·m-3 and 9.6 μg·m-3, respectively. Through scenarios analysis, for further reduction of the emission from construction sites in 2030, more stricter standard for green construction and powerful supervision are needed. |
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