| 高浓度游离氨冲击负荷对生物硝化的影响机制 |
| 摘要点击 2276 全文点击 945 投稿时间：2016-07-18 修订日期：2016-08-30 |
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| 中文关键词 高浓度氨氮废水 硝化 硝化菌 抑制 游离氨 |
| 英文关键词 high ammonia-nitrogen wastewater nitrification nitrifying bacteria inhibition free ammonia |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 工业废水厂或含工业废水较多的城市污水处理厂，在运行过程中可能会意外受到高浓度氨氮废水急性冲击负荷的影响，造成生物硝化反应受到抑制，出水不能稳定达标.为了指导实际污水处理厂应对游离氨（FA）急性冲击负荷造成的出水不达标问题，本文探究高浓度氨氮废水对污水生物硝化系统的影响机制.本文利用序批式活性污泥反应器（SBR）处理模拟高氨氮废水，通过监测氨氮最大比降解速率、硝酸盐氮最大比生成速率、亚硝化和硝化比耗氧速率，硝化菌丰度等指标，研究高浓度氨氮废水中FA对硝化菌活性的影响规律.结果表明，FA在低浓度范围内，增加FA急性负荷能够促进硝化活性，而当FA急性冲击负荷大于一定值时，会对硝化作用造成抑制；FA浓度越大，受到抑制的硝化生物活性所需要的恢复周期越长.利用荧光原位杂交分析技术，发现当进水FA浓度（以N计）从3.6 mg·L-1升高到8.1 mg·L-1时，氨氧化菌（AOB）和亚硝酸盐氧化菌（NOB）菌群数量都略微升高，而当FA浓度大于8.1 mg·L-1时，AOB和NOB菌群数量明显下降.FA对AOB和NOB菌群的临界抑制浓度分别为8.1 mg·L-1和6.6 mg·L-1，NOB相对于AOB菌群更敏感. |
| 英文摘要 |
| Wastewater treatment plants treating industrial wastewater and municipal wastewater may suffer from unexpected shock loads of high ammonia concentrations,which can lead to inhibition of biological nitrification and failure to meet the wastewater discharge standards.In order to solve the problem of failure to meet the standards,the effects of high loadings of free ammonia (FA) on the nitrification process were investigated in this work using a sequencing batch reactor (SBR).For such purpose,maximum specific degradation rates of ammonia,maximum specific formation rates of nitrate,specific oxygen uptake rates and abundances of nitrifying bacteria were monitored.The results showed that FA promoted nitrification activities at low concentrations and inhibited the activities when the FA concentration exceeded a certain value.In addition,high loading concentrations of FA resulted in long recovery times.When the FA concentration increased from 3.6 mg·L-1 to 8.1 mg·L-1,the abundances of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) increased slightly,as shown by the fluorescence in situ hybridization tests.However,there were apparent decreases in the abundances of AOB and NOB when the concentration of FA was higher than 8.1 mg·L-1.The critical FA inhibitory concentrations for AOB and NOB were 8.1 mg·L-1 and 6.6 mg·L-1.It was found that the NOB flora were more sensitive than AOB to FA inhibition. |
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