| 5种沉水植物的氮、磷吸收和水质净化能力比较 |
| 摘要点击 4178 全文点击 1762 投稿时间：2016-06-20 修订日期：2016-08-03 |
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| 中文关键词 沉水植物 氮、磷吸收 水质净化 |
| 英文关键词 submerged plants nitrogen and phosphorus uptake water purification |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 选取轮叶黑藻（Hydrilla verticillata）、苦草（Vallisneria natans）、金鱼藻（Ceratophyllum demersum）、穗状狐尾藻（Myriophyllum spicatum）、微齿眼子菜（Potamogeton maackianus）等5种乡土沉水植物为研究对象，在室内静水条件下对其氮、磷吸收和水质净化能力进行比较研究.结果表明，不同沉水植物试验前后的含水率差异较小，变化范围为89.8%~92.0%，但净增生物量差异较大且均存在显著性差异，变化范围（干重计）为1.52~12.92 g·m-2，其中净增生物量最高的轮叶黑藻是最低的微齿眼子菜的8.5倍.不同沉水植物试验前后植株氮、磷含量变化范围分别为26.54~34.44g·kg-1和2.54~4.01g·kg-1，其中金鱼藻的植株氮、磷含量相对偏高.不同沉水植物处理的水质TN、TP去除率范围分别为63.8%~83.1%和49.2%~70.8%，均显著高于CK处理的39.9%和36.9%，去除率大小顺序均为：轮叶黑藻 >金鱼藻 >苦草 >穗状狐尾藻 >微齿眼子菜 >CK.不同沉水植物处理的水质TN、TP去除率与净增生物量存在较高相关性，相关性系数分别为0.994（P<0.01）和0.996（P<0.01）.不同沉水植物氮、磷直接吸收贡献率范围分别为1.5%~13.3%和2.2%~13.2%，扣除水体自身自净能力后沉水植物的增效作用贡献率范围分别为22.5%~29.9%和10.1%~20.6%，表明水质净化氮、磷去除过程中沉水植物的增效作用要大于直接吸收作用. |
| 英文摘要 |
| Uptake of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) and their purification capacity for five native submerged macrophytes were investigated in laboratory simulated hydrostatic conditions,including Hydrilla verticillata,Vallisneria natans,Ceratophyllum demersum,Myriophyllum spicatum,Potamogeton maackianus.The results indicated that the moisture contents of different submerged macrophytes were almost the same before and after the test,with the range of 89.8%-92.0%.The net accumulated biomass changed from 1.52 g·m-2 to 12.92 g·m-2 among different submerged macrophytes,and the highest net accumulated biomass of Hydrilla verticillata was 8.5 times higher than the lowest plant of Potamogeton maackianus.The N and P contents of five submerged macrophytes ranged from 26.54 to 34.44g·kg-1 and from 2.54 to 4.01g·kg-1,respectively,and the N and P contents of Ceratophyllum demersum were relatively high.Total N and P removal efficiency of different submerged macrophyte treatments had ranges of 63.8%-83.1% and 49.2%-70.8%,significantly higher than those of the CK treatment (39.9% and 36.9%),respectively,and the removal efficiency decreased in the order of Hydrilla verticillata >Ceratophyllum demersum >Vallisneria natans >Myriophyllum spicatum >Potamogeton maackianus.Total N and P removal efficiencies of different submerged macrophyte treatments were significantly correlated with net accumulated biomass,with correlation coefficients of 0.994(P<0.01) and 0.996(P<0.01).The contribution of direct N and P uptake to different submerged macrophytes had the ranges of 1.5%-13.3% and 2.2%-13.2%,and the synergism contribution (deducting self-purification capacity of water) of different submerged macrophytes ranged 22.5%-29.9% and 10.1%-20.6%,indicating that the synergistic effect of submerged macrophytes purification was much more significant than the direct uptake effect in the process of water purification. |
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