| 碱性固体对污泥的调质堆肥影响及产品对土壤的改良潜力 |
| 摘要点击 2706 全文点击 808 投稿时间：2016-06-16 修订日期：2016-07-27 |
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| 中文关键词 污泥 碱性固体 调质 好氧堆肥 土壤改良 |
| 英文关键词 sewage sludge alkali solids amendment compost soil amelioration |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 为了科学评判不同碱性固体物质对调质污泥高温堆肥的影响及其有机肥对贫瘠土壤的改良潜力，通过用质量分数为10%的秸秆（干）炭、硬木炭、粉煤灰和石灰等碱性固体物质对污泥和锯末混合物料进行了调质，运用好氧堆肥的方式研究了不同碱性固体物质对调质污泥高温堆肥的影响，并用小青菜盆栽试验法探讨了有机肥对贫瘠土壤的改良潜力. 结果表明，污泥经外源碱性固体调质后，可以延长高温期的时间，促进堆肥物料的热灭活无害化；秸秆炭和硬木炭调质能显著促进有机质矿化，达21.65%和18.16%；堆肥过程中各处理堆肥pH先降低后升高最终逐渐稳定在6.78~7.33之间，但粉煤灰和石灰调质会使得堆肥初期pH较高；碱性固体调质有利于降低堆肥产品的水溶性盐分含量，至堆肥结束各处理EC均低于3000 μS·cm-1；污泥经过调质后，堆肥的总氮含量逐渐增加，但粉煤灰和石灰调质会导致堆肥初期存在一定的氮素损失，而秸秆炭和硬木炭调质可以减少堆肥初期氮素损失；各调质处理中NH4+-N含量先增加后降低，NO3--N 均呈现出逐渐增加的趋势，秸秆炭和硬木炭调质可以促进污泥NO3--N的转化，而石灰和粉煤灰调质则对NO3--N的转化和种子发芽产生一定的抑制作用，但均不会影响堆肥的腐熟；贫瘠土壤经过调质堆肥改良后，土壤有机质和NPK含量显著增加，小青菜生物量增加显著；与未调质堆肥相比，虽然调质后的堆肥对小青菜Cu、Zn的吸收具有一定的抑制作用，但相比于原贫瘠土壤而言，本研究获得的各种堆肥仍能促进小青菜对微量元素Cu、Zn的吸收. 研究表明，相比于硬木炭、粉煤灰和石灰等碱性固体物质，秸秆炭更适合于污泥堆肥调质，其堆肥产品具有较好的贫瘠土壤改良潜力. |
| 英文摘要 |
| Aiming to evaluate the influence of alkali solids amendment on the sewage sludge aerobic composting and to declare the potential of related composts on infertile soil amelioration, sewage sludge and sawdust mixture were amended with straw biochar, hardwood biochar, fly ash and lime by 10% addition ratio in dry weight during the aerobic composting process; finally, potential of the related composts on the infertile soil amelioration was investigated by pot experiment. The results showed that the alkali solids amendment could prolong the thermophilic phase, and promote the composting material heat inactivation. Addition of straw and hardwood biochar facilitated more than 21.65% and 18.16% organic matter degradation. During the composting, the compost pH decreased at the beginning and then gradually increased before reached values of 6.78-7.33, while the fly ash and lime amendments could lead to higher pH values in the beginning stage. The alkali solids amendment reduced the salinity of the compost with final products EC lower than 3000 μS·cm-1. The addition of straw and hardwood biochar could increase the total nitrogen content by reducing the ammonia loss at the beginning, while the fly ash and lime amendments would result in ammonia loss in the beginning stage. Despite the composting variation, the contents of nitrate increased and the ammonium salt content decreased gradually. The biochar addition can accelerate the nitrate transformation while the fly ash and lime amendment had slight inhibitory effect on the nitrate transformation and plant germination. The pot experiment revealed that applying compost products could significantly improve the brassica growth, Cu and Zn micronutrients accumulation since the compost addition could increase the soil organic carbon content, as well as soil N, P, and K contents. Compared with the non-amended compost, the alkali solids amendment could slightly reduce the Cu and Zn micronutrients accumulation, while the fertile potentials were acceptable. The study indicated that straw and hardwood biochar were more suitable than fly ash and lime as compost amendment, and the related compost products had great potential on infertile soil amelioration. |
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