| 民航飞机起飞过程气态污染物排放特征分析 |
| 摘要点击 3034 全文点击 1268 投稿时间：2016-06-14 修订日期：2016-07-14 |
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| 中文关键词 机场 起飞 大气污染物 排放特征 波音737 |
| 英文关键词 airport takeoff air pollutants emission characteristics B737 |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 民航飞机在起飞过程中发动机推力高、耗油量大，并且飞行高度低，由其排放的污染物对局地空气质量和人体健康存在较大影响. 选择B737-800作为典型机型，通过对飞机性能参数的模拟，精确计算了其在全推力和减推力等多种方式下起飞离场爬升至1000 m高度过程中NOx、CO、HC和SO2的排放量，并与ICAO基准模型估算结果进行对比. 结果表明，NOx是排放量最大的污染物. 其中，全推力起飞过程4种污染物的排放量分别为4.849、0.062、0.031和0.229 kg. 减推力起飞方式下，选择更高的灵活温度后，NOx和CO排放量分别降低和升高，HC和SO2排放量变化不大. 经过对比发现，ICAO的基准排放模型，对4种污染物的估算结果存在较大偏差. 与机动车相比，单次全推力起飞过程与一辆小客车行驶9508 km的NOx排放量相当. 精确计算方法为准确估算机场区域飞机污染排放清单提供基础. |
| 英文摘要 |
| During takeoff, high engine thrust and large fuel consumption are required to produce enough power for aircraft lift-off which has more impacts on human health and environment than the other activities. Boeing 737-800 was selected as a typical type in the study. Based on simulation of aircraft performance, air pollution emissions were accurately calculated for different takeoff processes. According to the results, NOx was the most abundant emission during takeoff. Emissions of NOx, CO, HC, and SO2 during takeoff with normal method were 4.849, 0.062, 0.031, 0.229 kg respectively. The assumed temperature method could be used to reduce thrust by setting an assumed temperature which was greater than actual temperature. This method resulted in decreased NOx emission and increased CO emission. And emissions of HC and SO2 had no significant changes. Compared with these results, the emissions calculated by ICAO emission model led to relatively large errors. And the emission level of normal takeoff method was approximately equal to the emission level of small cars traveling 9508 km. The modified model provides the basis for the accurate estimation of the air pollution emission inventory of airport. |
