| 岩溶地下河系统中有机氯的分布特征与来源分析 |
| 摘要点击 1690 全文点击 747 投稿时间：2016-02-27 修订日期：2016-04-13 |
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| 中文关键词 有机氯农药 地下河 来源 分布 重庆 |
| 英文关键词 organic chlorine pesticide underground river source distribution Chongqing |
| 作者 | 单位 | E-mail | | 张媚 | 西南大学地理科学学院, 三峡库区生态环境教育部重点实验室, 重庆 400715 | zm10023@163.com | | 孙玉川 | 西南大学地理科学学院, 三峡库区生态环境教育部重点实验室, 重庆 400715
中国地质科学院岩溶地质研究所, 国土资源部岩溶动力学重点实验室, 桂林 541004 | sunyc@swu.edu.cn | | 谢正兰 | 西南大学地理科学学院, 三峡库区生态环境教育部重点实验室, 重庆 400715 | | | 余琴 | 西南大学地理科学学院, 三峡库区生态环境教育部重点实验室, 重庆 400715 | | | 徐昕 | 西南大学地理科学学院, 三峡库区生态环境教育部重点实验室, 重庆 400715 | |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 选取重庆老龙洞、青木关岩溶地下河为研究对象，采用气相色谱仪-微池电子捕获检测器（GC-μECD）分析两条地下河水体中21种有机氯农药（OCPs）的浓度.结果表明，南山地下河中六六六（HCHs）和艾氏剂类化合物（ALDs）是主要检出物，青木关地下河中HCHs和甲氧滴滴涕是主要检出物.南山、青木关地下河中均未检出o，p'-DDE、p，p'-DDE、o，p'-DDD，同时，青木关地下河还未检出o，p'-DDT、狄氏剂，其余OCPs在两条地下河中检出率高达100%.青木关地下河中OCPs浓度范围为145～278 ng·L-1之间，平均值为213 ng·L-1；南山老龙洞地下河中OCPs浓度介于17.7～40.8 ng·L-1之间，平均值为32.7 ng·L-1.两条地下河中各OCPs组分表现为地下河出口大于入口.通过对OCPs污染来源分析，发现两地下河流域滴滴涕（DDTs）主要来自于历史上工业DDTs输入，氯丹主要来自于大气沉降.六六六（HCHs）主要来源是林丹的输入，南山地下河属于历史污染，青木关地下河上游的甘家槽有新的HCHs输入.与国内外其他各水体相比，南山地下河水体中HCHs、DDTs浓度处于低水平；青木关下河处于中等偏高水平.结合中外用水卫生标准，发现南山地下河和青木关地下河未超过饮水安全标准.青木关应禁止农田施用有机氯农药，保护地下河生态环境. |
| 英文摘要 |
| Chongqing Laolongdong and Qingmuguan karst underground rivers were selected as the research objects, and 21 kinds of OCPs in those two underground rivers were analyzed by gas chromatography (GC-μECD). The results showed that, o,p'-DDE,p,p'-DDE, o,p'-DDD were not detected in Nanshan and Qingmuguan underground rivers; o,p'-DDT and dieldrin were not detected in Qingmugang; but the detection rate of the rest of the OCPs in those two underground rivers was as high as 100%. HCHs and ALDs were the most dominant compounds in Laolongdong underground river, whereas HCHs and methoxychlor were the most dominant compounds in Qingmuguan. The concentration range of total OCPs in Qingmuguan was 145-278 ng·L-1 with a mean value of 213 ng·L-1. The concentration range of total OCPs in Laolongdong was 17.7-40.8 ng·L-1 with a mean value of 32.7 ng·L-1. The OCPs component showed an increasing trend from the entrance to the exit of those two underground rivers. By analyzing the source of OCPs pollution, DDTs in the two underground river basin came from the historical industrial DDTs input; chlordane mainly came from atmospheric deposition. HCHs was the main source of Lin Dan's input, Nanshan underground river was historical pollution, whereas there was a new HCHs input from Ganjiachao in Qingmuguan upstream. Compared with the water bodies at home and abroad, the concentrations of HCHs and DDTs in Nanshan underground river water were at low level, whereas those in Qingmuguan were at medium to high level. Comparing with the hygienic standard of foreign water, it could be observed that Nanshan underground river and Qingmuguan underground river were not able to meet the standard of drinking water safety standard. For the sake of protecting the ecological environment of the underground river, land application of organic chlorine pesticide should be banned in Qingmuguan. |
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