| 废弃菌糠资源化过程中的成分变化规律及其环境影响 |
| 摘要点击 1800 全文点击 1151 投稿时间：2015-07-27 修订日期：2015-08-21 |
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| 中文关键词 废弃菌糠 营养成分 元素含量 重金属含量 有机物淋失 |
| 英文关键词 spent mushroom substrate nutrients elements content heavy metal content leaching loss of organics |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 针对废弃菌糠的循环利用工艺,选取杏鲍菇菌糠、平菇菌糠、菌糠有机肥等具有阶段代表性的样品,测定其营养组分、元素含量,分析菌糠在连续栽培和废弃菌糠堆肥处置过程中成分的变化,同时分析了菌糠/菌糠有机肥的重金属环境风险评估及淋溶状态下对环境可能的影响. 结果表明,连续栽培后菌糠中水分下降13.8%,蛋白质、糖类则分别上升32.9%和20.4%,仍剩余大量营养物质; 废菌糠堆肥后蛋白质、糖类分别下降50%和79%,木质素、纤维素、半纤维素无明显变化,C/N比下降,总腐殖酸量增加18.6%. 通过重金属含量的测定,确定菌糠/菌糠有机肥中的As、Hg、Pb、Cd、Cr等重金属指标均低于我国《NY525-2012有机肥料》的限值标准. 菌糠/菌糠有机肥所含氮、磷、有机物均有淋出趋势,其中有机肥的氮、有机物淋失累积量相比菌糠下降15.0%和62.8%. |
| 英文摘要 |
| Nutrition components and elements analysis of spent mushroom substrates/composts (SMS/SMC) during a cyclic utilization were performed to state the compositional variation during reutilization and composting process. Environmental risk assessment of heavy metals and other pollutants were also taken into consideration. The results showed that the water consumption during reutilization reached 13.8%; while the protein and polysaccharide contents increased by 32.9% and 20.4%, respectively, suggesting that SMS still had a lot of nutrients. After composting disposal, however, the protein and polysaccharide contents decreased by 50% and 79%, respectively, while the lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose contents didn't show a significant difference; the C/N ratio decreased; the total humic acid content increased by 18.6%, all of which means that the composting process made great contributions to organic degradation. The heavy metal analysis showed that As, Hg, Pb, Cd, Cr concentrations in organic compost met the requirement of limit standard (NY525-2012). In addition, the results of column leaching test showed that N, P and organics in both SMS and SMC had a possibility of leaching loss, and the accumulation of TN and COD in SMC leachate decreased by 15.0% and 62.8%, respectively, compared to SMS group. |
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