| 三峡库区重金属的生物富集、生物放大及其生物因子的影响 |
| 摘要点击 2372 全文点击 1420 投稿时间：2015-07-05 修订日期：2015-08-26 |
| 查看HTML全文
查看全文 查看/发表评论 下载PDF阅读器 |
| 中文关键词 三峡水库 重金属 生物富集 生物放大 食物网 稳定同位素 |
| 英文关键词 Three Gorges Reservoir heavy metal bioaccumulation biomagnification food web stable isotope |
| 作者 | 单位 | E-mail | | 韦丽丽 | 华中农业大学水产学院, 农业部淡水生物繁育重点实验室, 武汉 430070
淡水水产健康养殖湖北省协同创新中心, 武汉 430070 | 569193744@qq.com | | 周琼 | 华中农业大学水产学院, 农业部淡水生物繁育重点实验室, 武汉 430070
淡水水产健康养殖湖北省协同创新中心, 武汉 430070 | hainan@mail.hzau.edu.cn | | 谢从新 | 华中农业大学水产学院, 农业部淡水生物繁育重点实验室, 武汉 430070
淡水水产健康养殖湖北省协同创新中心, 武汉 430070 | | | 王军 | 华中农业大学水产学院, 农业部淡水生物繁育重点实验室, 武汉 430070
淡水水产健康养殖湖北省协同创新中心, 武汉 430070 | | | 李君 | 华中农业大学水产学院, 农业部淡水生物繁育重点实验室, 武汉 430070
淡水水产健康养殖湖北省协同创新中心, 武汉 430070 | |
|
| 中文摘要 |
| 三峡水库于2010年10月蓄水到最大水位(175 m),为揭示最大水位蓄水对库区典型水域重金属污染可能存在的影响,于2011年7月至2012年8月研究了三峡库区水生生物体内汞(Hg)、镉(Cd)、铅(Pb)的含量水平及其沿着水体食物链可能存在的生物放大现象,并分析水体无脊椎动物、鱼类组织的重金属含量与生物因子(体长、体重、食性、栖息水层、碳源、营养级)之间的关系. 结果表明,3种重金属浓度的最大值均未超过我国水产品食用安全标准, Hg浓度比库区蓄水前稍高,Cd和Pb浓度则低于蓄水前的水平. 与国外水库相比,三峡库区重金属的浓度整体上偏低. 鲤鱼Cd浓度与其体长、体重有显著的相关性,翘嘴鲌和鲇的Hg浓度与体长、体重显著性相关. 整体上3种重金属的浓度与食性显著相关,与栖息水层之间的相关性并不显著,底栖生活鱼类的重金属浓度高于中上层鱼类. 3种重金属的浓度与δ15 N值的回归分析结果显示,Hg浓度与δ15 N值之间表现出显著的相关性,但生物放大效率低于美国及加拿大等地水库的水平,这与三峡库区土壤中较低的有机碳含量有关. |
| 英文摘要 |
| Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR) reached the maximum water level (175 m) of impoundment in Oct. 2010. In order to reveal the potential influence of the greatest water-level impoundment on the heavy metal pollution in the typical waters of TGR, the content level of trace metals (Hg, Cd and Pb) in biota and potential biomagnification along the aquatic food chain were investigated in the main stem of TGR from July 2011 to August 2012, as well as the relationship between the trace metal concentrations of aquatic consumers (fish and aquatic invertebrate) and biological factors. Our study showed that no individual data of the three trace metals in biota exceeded the edible safety criteria of aquatic products in China and FAO. In contrast with those before the impoundment of TGR, Hg showed a little higher, while Cd and Pb exhibited a little lower level after the impoundment. Trace metals in TGR exhibited relatively lower concentrations compared with those in reservoirs in other countries. Significant correlations were found between the Cd concentration and body size (body length and body weight) of Cyprinus carpio, as well as the Hg concentration and body size (body length and body weight) of Erythroculter ilishaeformis. As for feeding habits, there was statistically significant difference between trace metal concentrations in herbivorous, planktonic, omnivorous and carnivorous fish. However, no significant difference was found between the metal concentrations in fish with different habitats (pelagic, mesopelagic and benthic). Even so, the overall trend was that fish living in benthic layer had higher heavy metal concentrations than those in pelagic and mesopelagic zones. The regression slopes of log-Hg concentration versus δ15 N, served as an indicator of trophic magnification factor (TMF). Significant correlations (P < 0.05) were observed for Hg in the food web of TGR. TMF of Hg in TGR indicated lower level (0.046-0.066) in contrast with those in the reservoirs of United States and Canada, and this was explained by the relatively lower organic carbon in the soil and sediment of TGR. |
|
|
|
