| 基于出行服务的纯电动公交车节能减排效益分析 |
| 摘要点击 2014 全文点击 1994 投稿时间：2014-12-13 修订日期：2015-04-08 |
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| 中文关键词 生命周期评价方法 出行服务 纯电动公交车 节能效益 综合减排效益 |
| 英文关键词 life cycle assessment travel service battery electric bus energy conservation benefits emissions reduction benefits |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 纯电动公交车因行驶阶段零排放而成为城市地面常规公交车的重点发展方向,但是从其全生命周期来看,其实际的节能减排效益受到多种因素影响,仍需综合权衡. 本研究采用生命周期评价方法(LCA),综合考虑公交车载客能力与不同区域的电网发电结构等影响因素,开展纯电动公交车的节能减排效益评价. 结果表明,由于现有纯电动公交车的载客能力较柴油公交车低15%左右,所以选取出行服务作为功能单位能够更合理地核算纯电动公交车的实际节能减排效益. 同时,由于我国不同区域电网的发电结构仍存有较大差异,相对于柴油公交车,不同区域电网结构下发展纯电动公交车所获取的节能减排效益差别较大. 具体而言,纯电动公交车在华北、华东、华中、东北、西北和南方等不同电网结构下的节能效益分别为7.84%、11.91%、26.90%、11.15%、19.55%和20.31%; 除华北电网由于煤电占比较高无减排效益外,其余电网结构下发展纯电动公交车所获取的综合减排效益分别为3.46%、26.81%、1.17%、13.74%和17.48%. 因此,发展纯电动公交车时,建议将提高纯电动公交车的载客能力作为技术研发的重点,同时充分考虑不同电网发电结构对纯电动公交车的环境影响,合理进行发展规划. |
| 英文摘要 |
| Battery Electric Bus (BEB) has become one of prior options of urban buses for its "zero emission" during the driving stage. However, the environmental performance of electric buses is affected by multi-factors from the point of whole life cycle. In practice, carrying capacity of BEB and power generation structures can both implement evident effects on the energy consumption and pollutants emission of BEB. Therefore, take the above factors into consideration, in this article, Life Cycle Assessment is employed to evaluate the energy conservation and emissions reduction benefits of BEB. Results indicate that, travel service is more reasonable as the functional unit, rather than mileage, since the carrying capacity of BEB is 15% lower than the diesel buses. Moreover, compared with diesel buses, the energy conservation and emissions reduction benefits of battery electric buses are all different due to different regional power structures. Specifically, the energy benefits are 7.84%, 11.91%, 26.90%, 11.15%, 19.55% and 20.31% respectively in Huabei, Huadong, Huazhong, Dongbei, Xibei and Nanfang power structure. From the point of comprehensive emissions reduction benefits, there is no benefit in Huabei power structure, as it depends heavily on coal. But in other areas, the comprehensive emissions reduction benefits of BEB are separately 3.46%, 26.81%, 1.17%, 13.74% and 17.48% in Huadong, Huazhong, Dongbei, Xibei and Nanfang. Therefore, it suggests that, enlargement of carrying capacity should be taken as the most prior technology innovation direction for BEB, and the grids power structure should be taken into consideration when the development of BEB is in planning. |
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