| 杭州西湖“香灰土”沉积物轻、重有机质组成特征及其环境意义 |
| 摘要点击 2175 全文点击 1258 投稿时间：2014-11-27 修订日期：2015-01-15 |
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| 中文关键词 城市湖泊 富营养化 轻组有机质 重组有机质 内源负荷 |
| 英文关键词 urban lakes eutrophication LFOM HFOM internal loading |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 为探索城市浅水湖泊高有机质含量沉积物中有机质污染特征及其与氮、磷等营养元素的关系,调查了西湖8个湖区沉积物柱状样不同深度泥层有机质含量及其轻、重组分和氮磷污染特征,通过与国内相关湖泊有机质组分的比较,定量刻画了西湖"香灰土"沉积物的有机质特征. 结果表明,西湖沉积物属典型高有机质含量底质,不同湖区底泥有机质含量平均值为28~251 g·kg-1; 不同湖区沉积物有机质含量差别很大,引水入口湖区比其他湖区的有机质含量明显偏低; 垂向上,大多湖区有机质含量随深度增加而增加,反映出有机质在西湖丰富的沉积历史. 有机质轻/重组分离研究表明,西湖沉积物中轻组有机质含量为0.57~9.17 g·kg-1,平均占总有机质的2.83%,重组含量为5.35~347.41 g·kg-1,平均占总有机质的90%; 与玄武湖、月湖、太湖、白洋淀等浅水湖泊相比,西湖底泥轻组有机质含量与之相当,但重组有机质含量明显偏高,反映出西湖作为历史悠久的城市湖泊,有机质污染负荷高,底泥腐殖化程度高. 西湖底泥轻组有机质与总磷、总氮显著相关,而重组有机质含量仅与总氮含量显著相关,与磷没有相关性,表明轻组有机质对氮、磷内源释放潜力具有较大的影响. 研究表明,西湖"香灰土"型沉积物有机质含量高、重组有机质比例高,对内源氮磷释放的缓冲能力强,在西湖营养盐内源负荷控制及水体富营养化治理中应予以充分考虑. |
| 英文摘要 |
| To understand the organic matter pollution characteristic and its relationship with nitrogen, phosphorus and other nutrients in sediments of high organic matter type of urban shallow lakes, the organic matter content, light fraction organic matter (LFOM), heavy fraction organic matter (HFOM), and nitrogen and phosphorus contents were investigated in eight different regions of West Lake, Hangzhou. The results showed that, the organic matter content of the west lake sediment was 28-251 g·kg-1, belonging to typical high organic matter sediment. The difference of organic matter content in different lake sediments was very big. The sediments located at the input site of water diversion engineering had significantly lower organic content than the rest regions. The LFOM content of West Lake sediment ranged 0.57-9.17 g·kg-1, which averagely occupied 2.83% of the total organic matter, and the HFOM content ranged 5.35-347.41 g·kg-1, which occupied more than 90% of the total organic matter. Compared to other shallow lakes located in China, sediments of West Lake had significantly high percentage of HFOM/LFOM ratio. But the HFOM content was obviously on the high side, reflecting the west lake as an urban lake with a long history, as well as high organic matter pollution load and sediment humification degree. Both the content and the ratio of LFOM/HFOM in sediment were related to nitrogen and phosphorus contents in sediment. This suggested that the composition of organic matter in West Lake sediments had potential control ability for the internal loading of N and P of the lake. |
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