| 北京市火葬场大气污染物排放现状及污染特征 |
| 摘要点击 3144 全文点击 2035 投稿时间：2014-12-10 修订日期：2015-01-12 |
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| 中文关键词 火葬场 大气污染 有害大气污染物 二噁英 污染特征 |
| 英文关键词 crematory air pollution hazardous air pollutants polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzo-furans (PCDD/Fs) pollution characteristics |
| 作者 | 单位 | E-mail | | 薛亦峰 | 北京市环境保护科学研究院, 国家城市环境污染控制工程技术研究中心, 北京 100037
北京师范大学环境学院, 环境模拟与污染控制国家重点联合实验室, 北京 100875 | xueyifeng294@gmail.com | | 闫静 | 北京市环境保护科学研究院, 国家城市环境污染控制工程技术研究中心, 北京 100037 | yanjing@cee.cn | | 田贺忠 | 北京师范大学环境学院, 环境模拟与污染控制国家重点联合实验室, 北京 100875 | | | 熊程程 | 民政部一零一研究所, 民政部污染控制重点实验室, 北京 100070 | | | 李敬东 | 北京市固体废物和化学品管理中心, 北京 100089 | | | 吴晓清 | 北京市环境保护科学研究院, 国家城市环境污染控制工程技术研究中心, 北京 100037 | | | 王玮 | 民政部一零一研究所, 民政部污染控制重点实验室, 北京 100070 | | | 朱家昕 | 北京师范大学环境学院, 环境模拟与污染控制国家重点联合实验室, 北京 100875 | |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 遗体火化和祭品焚烧过程会产生烟尘、CO、SO2、NOx等常规大气污染物及Hg、PCDD/Fs等有毒有害物质,且由于排放高度较低,对周边空气质量及人体健康造成影响,引起越来越多的关注. 本研究通过实地调研和资料收集,获取相关的活动水平; 选择典型火化机进行污染物排放的实际监测,了解当前北京市火化机大气污染物排放水平; 采用排放因子法核算了2012年北京市火葬场大气污染物排放量,并定量了其不确定性范围. 利用大气扩散模型,评估火葬场对周边环境的影响,识别其大气污染特征. 结果表明,北京市安装烟气净化系统的火化机烟尘排放浓度较低,CO排放浓度波动较大,火化机燃烧控制欠佳,导致PCDD/Fs排放浓度相对较高; 北京市火葬场遗体火化产生的烟尘、CO、SO2、NOx、Hg和PCDD/Fs分别为11.5 t、41.25 t、2.34 t、7.65 t、13.76 kg和0.88 g; 根据模拟计算结果,12家火葬场对北京市整体环境空气质量影响较小,但对周边环境会产生一定的影响,烟尘、CO、SO2、NOx、Hg、PCDD/Fs最大浓度贡献为0.05947 μg·m-3、0.2009 μg·m-3、0.0126 μg·m-3、0.03667 μg·m-3、0.06247 pg·m-3、0.004213 pg·m-3. |
| 英文摘要 |
| Hazardous Air Pollutants (HAPs) such as exhaust particulate matter (PM), carbon monoxide (CO), sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen oxide (NOx), mercury (Hg)and polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzo-furans (PCDD/Fs) are emitted by the process of cremation and the burning of oblation. Risks to health posed by emissions of hazardous air pollutants from crematories are emerging concerns. Through field investigation and data collection, we obtained the related activity levels and monitored the concentrations of air pollutants from typical cremators, so as to better understand the current pollutants emission levels for crematory. Using the emission factor method, we calculated the emission inventory of HAPs for crematory of Beijing in 2012 and quantified the range of uncertainty. Using atmospheric diffusion model ADMS, we evaluated the influence of crematories on the surrounding environment, and identified the characteristics of air pollution. The results showed that: for the cremators installed with flue gas purification system, the emission concentration of exhaust PM was rather low, and the CO emission concentration fluctuated greatly. However, relative high emission concentrations of PCDD/Fs were detected mainly due to insufficient combustion. Exhaust PM, CO, SO2, NOx, Hg and PCDD/Fs emitted by crematory of Beijing in 2012 were estimated at about 11.5 tons, 41.25 tons, 2.34 tons, 7.65 tons, 13.76 kg and 0.88 g, respectively; According to the results of dispersion model simulation, the concentration contributions of exhaust PM, CO, SO2, NOx, Hg, PCDD/Fs from crematories were 0.05947 μg·m-3, 0.2009 μg·m-3 and 0.0126 μg·m-3, 0.03667 μg·m-3 and 0.06247 pg·m-3, 0.004213 pg·m-3, respectively. |
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