| 中国水体硝酸盐氮氧双稳定同位素溯源研究进展 |
| 摘要点击 4093 全文点击 2243 投稿时间：2014-01-13 修订日期：2014-03-21 |
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| 中文关键词 硝酸盐氮同位素（δ15N） 硝酸盐氧同位素（δ18O） 分析方法 来源 贡献率 反硝化过程 |
| 英文关键词 nitrate nitrogen isotope (δ1815N) nitrate oxygen isotope (δ18O) analytical method sources contribution denitrifying process |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 由于人类活动影响,水体硝酸盐(NO3-)污染已经成为世界范围内的环境问题. 结合NO3-中δ15N、 δ18O双稳定同位素技术、 其他环境同位素以及化学分析技术,可以定量评价地表水、 地下水、 降水中NO3-不同来源贡献率、 硝化/反硝化过程,为水体NO3-污染治理提供了有利依据. 本文综述了国内外NO3-中δ15N、 δ18O分析测试技术、 NO3-污染源δ15N、 δ18O特征值、 应用δ15N、 δ18O进行地表水、 地下水溯源研究进展. 目前,国内已经成功应用离子交换-AgNO3法和细菌反硝化法开展水体NO3-污染来源的同位素示踪研究. 综合分析NO3-污染源中δ15N表明,我国粪肥及污水NO3-的δ15N为3‰~17‰,土壤中NO3-的δ15N为3‰~8‰、 大气降水中NO3-的δ15N为-9‰~9‰、 化肥中NO3-的δ15N为-2‰~4‰,化肥中NH+4的δ15N为-4‰~2‰. 对地表水、 地下水中的NO3-溯源研究表明,污水、 粪肥已经成为我国水体NO3-污染的重要来源,中国的城市污水、 农业水产养殖对地表水水体NO3-污染带来了严重的影响. 未来应结合长期监测、 δ15N和δ18O双同位素技术和水化学分析技术,提高NO3-不同来源的比例、 季节动态定量评价水平,为我国水环境管理提供有效依据. |
| 英文摘要 |
| Water nitrate (NO3-) contamination is a world-wide environmental problem under the effects of intensive human activities. Sources identification of NO3- contamination in water is important for better management of water quality. Dual stable isotope data of nitrate nitrogen (δ1815N) and nitrate oxygen (δ18O) combined with other stable isotopes and chemical analysis data have been frequently used to identify NO3- sources, differentiate percentage of the different NO3- sources and assess the nitrification/denitrification processes of surface water, groundwater and precipitation, respectively. This review summarized the analysis technique of nitrate δ1815N and δ18O in domestic and abroad, assessed typical values of δ1815N, δ18O from different NO3- sources and evaluated the progress in application of dual stable isotope of δ1815N and δ18O technique to trace NO3- sources in surface- and ground-water. Both ion exchange-AgNO3 and bacteria denitrifying methods have been successfully used in tracing water nitrate sources nationwide. The comprehensive metadata analysis of nitrate sources showed that the δ1815N values of sewage and manure, soil, precipitation, fertilizer ranged from 3‰ to 17‰, 3‰ to 8‰, -9‰ to 9‰, -2‰ to 4‰, respectively. And the δ1815N values of ammonium fertilizer ranged from -4‰ to 2‰. According to the stable isotope technique, sewage and manure were identified as the major nitrate sources of surface- and ground-water in China This indicated that municipal sewage and aquaculture exerted serious influence on the nitrate pollution of surface water. In the future, long-term monitoring, dual stable isotope fingerprinting and hydro-chemical analysis should be applied together to quantitatively differentiate contribution of nitrate sources, and to assess seasonal dynamic of nitrate sources. It will provide useful scientific basis for water environmental management of China. |
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