| 伊犁河流域土壤重金属环境地球化学基线研究及污染评价 |
| 摘要点击 2991 全文点击 1300 投稿时间：2013-11-07 修订日期：2013-12-30 |
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| 中文关键词 伊犁河流域 土壤 重金属 环境地球化学基线 污染评价 |
| 英文关键词 Ili River Basin soil heavy metal environmental geochemical baseline pollution evaluation |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 采用标准化方法建立伊犁河流域黑钙土、栗钙土、灰钙土和盐碱土Cu、Zn、Pb、As、Hg环境地球化学基线模型，并计算其理论基线值. 采用基线因子污染指数评价法、环境背景值评价法和重金属环境洁净度评价法对流域土壤进行对比污染评价. 结果表明：①基线因子污染评价显示流域内4种典型土壤类型以As的污染最为突出，黑钙土、栗钙土、灰钙土分别有7.14%、9.76%、7.50%的样点达重度污染；其次为Pb，栗钙土有7.32%的样点达重度污染，且As和Pb的变异度最大，表明人为扰动大. ②环境背景值评价显示，土壤主要污染元素为As，其次为Cu、Zn、Pb；③土壤重金属环境洁净度评价显示，Cu、Zn、Pb在4种土类中均优于二级洁净度，Hg为一级洁净度，As在灰钙土中为中度污染，黑钙土、栗钙土、盐碱土为二级或优于二级. 比较3种评价体系，基线因子污染评价较为充分地体现了元素地球化学迁移特性及土壤发育过程，且可将污染评价定位到样点；而背景值污染评价因建立于区域背景值，忽视了重金属元素在土壤中自然迁移、淀积过程；重金属环境洁净度评价则以土壤环境安全度为主要评价目的. |
| 英文摘要 |
| Environmental geochemical baseline models of Cu, Zn, Pb, As, Hg were established by standardized method in the chernozem, chestnut soil, sierozem and saline soil from the Ili river valley region. The theoretical baseline values were calculated. Baseline factor pollution index evaluation method, environmental background value evaluation method and heavy metal cleanliness evaluation method were used to compare soil pollution degrees. The baseline factor pollution index evaluation showed that As pollution was the most prominent among the four typical types of soils within the river basin, with 7.14%, 9.76%, 7.50% of sampling points in chernozem, chestnut soil and sierozem reached the heavy pollution, respectively. 7.32% of sampling points of chestnut soil reached the permitted heavy metal Pb pollution index in the chestnut soil. The variation extent of As and Pb was the largest, indicating large human disturbance. Environmental background value evaluation showed that As was the main pollution element, followed by Cu, Zn and Pb. Heavy metal cleanliness evaluation showed that Cu, Zn and Pb were better than cleanliness level 2 and Hg was the of cleanliness level 1 in all four types of soils. As showed moderate pollution in sierozem, and it was of cleanliness level 2 or better in chernozem, chestnut soil and saline-alkali soil. Comparing the three evaluation systems, the baseline factor pollution index evaluation more comprehensively reflected the geochemical migration characteristics of elements and the soil formation processes, and the pollution assessment could be specific to the sampling points. The environmental background value evaluation neglected the natural migration of heavy metals and the deposition process in the soil since it was established on the regional background values. The main purpose of the heavy metal cleanliness evaluation was to evaluate the safety degree of soil environment. |
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