| 上海地铁站台大气颗粒物中过渡金属研究 |
| 摘要点击 1455 全文点击 1116 投稿时间：2013-10-26 修订日期：2013-12-10 |
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| 中文关键词 大气颗粒物 地铁 过渡金属 X射线吸收近边谱 Fe Cr Mn |
| 英文关键词 airborne particulate matter subway transition metal X-ray absorption near-edge structure(XANES) iron chromium manganese |
| 作者 | 单位 | E-mail | | 包良满 | 中国科学院上海应用物理研究所, 上海 201800
中国科学院核辐射与核能技术重点实验室, 上海 201800 | baoliangman@sinap.ac.cn | | 雷前涛 | 中国科学院上海应用物理研究所, 上海 201800
中国科学院核辐射与核能技术重点实验室, 上海 201800 | | | 谈明光 | 中国科学院上海应用物理研究所, 上海 201800 | | | 李晓林 | 中国科学院上海应用物理研究所, 上海 201800
中国科学院核辐射与核能技术重点实验室, 上海 201800 | | | 张桂林 | 中国科学院上海应用物理研究所, 上海 201800 | | | 刘卫 | 中国科学院上海应用物理研究所, 上海 201800
中国科学院核辐射与核能技术重点实验室, 上海 201800 | | | 李燕 | 中国科学院上海应用物理研究所, 上海 201800 | |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 采集了上海市地铁站台大气颗粒物PM10和PM2.5样品，研究了颗粒物的形貌、化学元素组成和过渡金属特征. 实验发现，地铁站台大气颗粒物PM10和PM2.5质量浓度明显高于室外，超过了国家标准限值. 元素组成与室外街道大气颗粒物存在明显差异，过渡金属Fe、Cr、Mn等质量浓度高于室外，Fe是室外含量的8倍，Mn和Cr质量浓度为室外的2倍. 扫描电子显微镜（SEM）结果显示地铁内大气颗粒物粒径较大，形状不规则，具有片状刮擦特性. X射线能谱分析（EDX）表明，其主要成分为Fe和O. X射线吸收近边谱（XANES）结果表明，地铁内大气颗粒物PM10中Fe部分以纯Fe（>26%）形态存在，室外街道大气颗粒物PM10中一大部分Fe以Fe（Ⅲ）形态存在. 结果显示，对于每天乘坐上海地铁的乘客和在地铁站台内工作的人员，地铁站台是一个重要的存在过渡金属颗粒物暴露的微环境，金属颗粒物对人体健康的影响需要引起重视. |
| 英文摘要 |
| PM10 and PM2.5 aerosol particle samples were collected at a subway station in Shanghai and their morphology, chemical composition and transition metal species were studied. The mass concentrations of PM10and PM2.5 inside the subway station were significantly higher than those measured in aboveground ambient air. The PM levels inside subway were much higher than the state control limit. The aerosol composition in the metro station was quite different from that of the aboveground urban particles. Concentrations of Fe, Mn and Cr were higher than the averages of aboveground urban air particles by factors of 8, 2, and 2, respectively, showing a substantial enrichment in subway. Scanning electron microscope(SEM)analysis showed that the subway particles had flat surfaces in combination with parallel scratches and sharp edges and looked like metal sheets or flakes. Furthermore, analysis of the atomic composition of typical subway particles by energy dispersive X-Ray(EDX)spectroscopy showed that oxygen and iron dominated the mass of the particles. The X-ray absorption near-edge structure(XANES)spectroscopy results showed that a fraction (>26%) of the total iron in the PM10 was in the form of pure Fe, while in the street particles Fe(Ⅲ) was shown to be a significant fraction of the total iron. The work demonstrated that the underground subway stations in Shanghai were an important microenvironment for exposure to transition metal aerosol for the people taking subway train for commuting every day and those who work in the subway stations, and the metal particle exposure for people in the subway station should not be ignored. |
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