| 汾河中下游浮游藻类群落特征及水质分析 |
| 摘要点击 3217 全文点击 1415 投稿时间：2013-07-25 修订日期：2013-09-12 |
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| 中文关键词 浮游藻类 群落结构 环境因子 水质分析 汾河中下游 |
| 英文关键词 phytoplankton community structure environmental factors water quality middle and lower reaches of Fenhe River |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 为了解汾河中下游的浮游藻类分布并评价其水质状况，选取18个采样点对浮游藻类进行了调查采集、种类鉴定和数据分析. 结果表明：①汾河中下浮游藻类植物共计有298种，隶属8门96属，种类较多的依次是硅藻门、绿藻门和蓝藻门，分别有27属127种，41属104种和20属45种，裸藻门、隐藻门、甲藻门、金藻门和黄藻门共8属22种，各样点丰水期的种数均高于枯水期. 优势种主要有硅藻门的梅尼小环藻、尖针杆藻、隐头舟形藻、谷皮菱形藻，绿藻门的小球藻，蓝藻门的弱细颤藻、两栖颤藻等，多数为α-中污和β-中污指示种. 细胞密度以丰水期较高，枯水期较低. ②汾河中下游浮游藻类群落的Shannon-Wieaver物种多样性指数基本介于1~3之间，Margalef 物种丰富度指数基本介于0.5~2之间，Pielou均匀度指数介于0.3~0.8之间. ③汾河中下游浮游藻类优势类群在丰水期，大部分绿藻和裸藻与化学需氧量、电导率、氨氮具有较高的相关性，蓝藻受水温和Cr影响较大，硅藻分布与环境因子的关系较复杂；在枯水期蓝藻与氨氮、总磷、化学需氧量具有较高的相关性，绿藻和裸藻主要受溶氧和总磷的影响，硅藻主要与总磷、溶氧、pH和Cd等相关. 综合分析，汾河中下游各样点水质分别为Ⅰ类~Ⅴ类不等，均受到不同程度的污染，水质总体呈富营养型，处于中污染至重污染状态. |
| 英文摘要 |
| To understand the distribution of phytoplankton and the water quality in the middle and lower reaches of Fenhe River, 18 sampling sites were selected for specimen collection, species identification and data analysis. The results showed that: ① There were 298 species of phytoplankton under the membership of 8 divisions and 96 genera, among which, Bacillariophyta was the dominant division, with a total of 127 species of 27 genera, followed by Chlorophyta, with 104 species of 41 genera, and Cyanophyta, with 45 species of 20 genera. Only 22 species of 8 genera belonged to Euglenophyta, Cryptophyta, Pyrrophyta, Chrysophyta and Xanthophyta. The number of species in wet season was higher than that in dry season at all sites. Dominant species included Cyclotella meneghiniana, Synedra acus, Navicula cryptocephala, Nitzschia palea of Bacillariophyta, Chlorella vulgaris of Chlorophyta, Oscillatoria tenuis, O. amphibia of Cyanophyta, most of which were indicator species of α-and β-mesosaprobic type. Cell density was higher in wet season and lower in dry season. ② Shannon-Wieaver species diversity index ranged from 1 to 3 basically. Margalef species richness index ranged from 0.5 to 2. Pielou evenness index ranged 0.3-0.8. ③ During the wet season, most dominant species of Chlorophyta and Euglenophyta had higher correlation with chemical oxygen demand (COD), conductivity and ammonia nitrogen. The dominant species of Cyanophyta were greatly influenced by the contents of water temperature and chromium (Cr). The distribution of dominant species of Bacillariophyta was complicatedly related with environmental factors. During the dry season, there was a higher correlation between the members of Cyanophyta and ammonia nitrogen, total phosphorus, COD. The species of Chlorophyta and Euglenophyta were mainly influenced by the dissolved oxygen and total phosphorus. The bacillariophytes were mainly related with total phosphorus, dissolved oxygen, pH and cadmium (Cd). In conclusion, the water was moderately to heavily contaminated in middle and lower reaches of Fenhe River and the water quality was eutrophic. |
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