| 3种典型污染物对水生生物的急性毒性效应及其水质基准比较 |
| 摘要点击 2839 全文点击 1565 投稿时间：2013-04-16 修订日期：2013-06-03 |
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| 中文关键词 六价铬 2,4,6-三氯酚 硝基苯 水生生物 急性毒性 水质基准 |
| 英文关键词 hexavalent chromium 2,4,6-trichlorophenol nitrobenzene aquatic organisms acute toxicity effect water quality criteria |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 我国本土水生生物急性毒性数据较少，通过研究Cr（Ⅵ）、2，4，6-三氯酚和硝基苯对蛋白核小球藻（Chlorella pyrenoidosa）、斜生栅藻（Scenedesmus obliqnus）和摇蚊幼虫（Chironomidae larvae）的急性毒性效应，为制定和完善我国水质基准提供本土数据支持. 结果表明，Cr（Ⅵ）、2，4，6-三氯酚和硝基苯对蛋白核小球藻的96 h半抑制效应浓度（96 h-EC50）依次为1.34、4.55和86.58 mg·L-1；对斜生栅藻的96 h-EC50依次为19.52、3.71和74.15 mg·L-1；当Cr（Ⅵ）达到1500 mg·L-1时，摇蚊幼虫48 h死亡率仅为15%，2，4，6-三氯酚和硝基苯对摇蚊幼虫的48 h半致死效应浓度（48 h-LC50）分别为9.29 mg·L-1和98.34 mg·L-1. 3种典型污染物的毒性评估结果显示，Cr（Ⅵ）对小球藻为高等毒性、对斜生栅藻为中等毒性，2，4，6-三氯酚对两种微藻均为高等毒性，硝基苯对两种微藻均为中等毒性；3种污染物对摇蚊幼虫的毒性顺序为：2，4，6-三氯酚>硝基苯>Cr（Ⅵ）. |
| 英文摘要 |
| Two species of microalgae Chlorella pyrenoidosa, Scenedesmus obliqnus and a red worm Chironomidae larvae were selected as test organisms in determining the acute toxicity effects of Cr(Ⅵ), 2,4,6-trichlorophenol and nitrobenzene. The results were able to provide more information on water quality criteria and more data on their toxicity to indigenous aquatic organisms in China. The 96 h-EC50 values of Cr(Ⅵ), TCP and nitrobenzene on C. pyrenoidosa were 1.34 mg·L-1, 4.55 mg·L-1 and 86.58 mg·L-1, respectively, while those of S. obliqnus were 19.52 mg·L-1, 3.71 mg·L-1 and 74.15 mg·L-1, respectively. The mortality of C. larvae was 15% when the concentration of Cr(Ⅵ) was increased to 1500 mg·L-1. The 48 h-LC50 values of TCP and nitrobenzene on C. larvae were 9.29 mg·L-1and 98.34 mg·L-1,respectively. These results indicated that Cr(Ⅵ) showed higher toxicity to C. pyrenoidosa, while only moderate toxicity to S. obliqnus; TCP had higher toxicity to C. pyrenoidosa and S. obliqnus; while nitrobenzene was only moderately toxic to both species of microalgae. The toxicity among the three pollutants to C. larvae was in the order of TCP>nitrobenzene>Cr(Ⅵ). |
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