| 农药企业场地空气中挥发性有机物污染特征及健康风险 |
| 摘要点击 2960 全文点击 1704 投稿时间：2013-01-23 修订日期：2013-03-06 |
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| 中文关键词 农药企业 挥发性有机物 空气 健康风险评价 吸入暴露 皮肤暴露 |
| 英文关键词 pesticide factory volatile organic compounds(VOCs) atmosphere health risk assessment inhalation exposure dermal exposure |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 采用苏玛罐收集样品,气相色谱-质谱联用方法对河北省张家口市3个代表性农药企业场地内挥发性有机物(VOCs)进行监测分析,研究了VOCs的污染特征及健康风险. 结果表明,在3个农药场地内均存在着比较严重的总挥发性有机物(TVOC)污染,各场地正己烷(6161.90~6910.00 μg·m-3)、苯(126.00~179.30 μg·m-3)、1,3-丁二烯(115.00~177.30μg·m-3)的含量远超过USEPA风险系统中对应的慢性吸入参考值(700、30、2 μg·m-3),场地 B二氯甲烷的含量(724.00 μg·m-3)也超过对应的参考浓度(600 μg·m-3). 各场地VOCs经吸入途径的非致癌风险数量级为1.00E-04~1.00E+00,经皮肤暴露的非致癌风险数量级为1.00E-09~1.00E-05,其中正己烷(2.52E+00~2.83E+00)、二氯甲烷(2.08E+00~2.97E+00)的非致癌风险指数均超过了1,场地B中苯的非致癌风险指数(1.10E+00)也超过了1. 各场地VOCs经吸入暴露的致癌风险数量级均在1.00E-08~1.00E-03之间,各化合物经皮肤暴露的致癌风险数量级在1.00E-13~1.00E-08之间,各场地中1,3-丁二烯的吸入致癌风险指数均超过了1.0E-04,属于高致癌风险污染物,而苯的吸入致癌风险也已经超过了国际辐射防护委员会(ICRP)推荐的有毒有害物质个人年风险最大可接受水平(5.0E-05). 皮肤暴露途径引起的健康风险与吸入暴露有相同的趋势,但风险值远小于吸入暴露的风险值,占总风险值的比例不足0.01%,说明该农药场地挥发性有机物引起人体健康风险的主要途径为吸入暴露. |
| 英文摘要 |
| A method for determining volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in air by summa canister collecting and gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy detecting was adopted. Pollution condition and characteristics of VOCs were discussed in three representative pesticide factories in Zhangjiakou City, Hebei Province. Meanwhile, an internationally recognized four-step evaluation model of health risk assessment was applied to preliminarily assess the health risk caused by atmospheric VOCs in different exposure ways, inhalation and dermal exposure. Results showed that serious total VOCs pollution existed in all factories. Concentrations of n-hexane (6161.90-6910.00 μg·m-3), benzene (126.00-179.30 μg·m-3) and 1,3-butadiene (115.00-177.30 μg·m-3) exceeded the Chronic Inhalation Reference Concentrations recommended by USEPA, corresponding to 700, 30 and 2 μg·m-3, respectively. Concentration of dichloromethane (724.00 μg·m-3) in factory B was also higher than the reference concentration (600 μg·m-3). Results of health risk assessment indicated that non-carcinogenic risk indexes of VOCs ranged from 1.00E-04 to 1.00E+00 by inhalation exposure, and 1.00E-09 to 1.00E-05 by dermal exposure. Risk indexes of n-hexane and dichloromethane by inhalation exposure in all factories exceeded 1, and risk index of benzene by inhalation in factory B was also higher than 1. Carcinogenic risk indexes exposed to VOCs ranged from 1.00E-08 to 1.00E-03 by inhalation exposure and 1.00E-13 to 1.00E-08 by dermal exposure. Cancer risk of 1,3-butadiene by inhalation exceeded 1.0E-04, which lead to definite risk, and those of benzene by inhalation also exceeded the maximum allowable level recommended by International Commission on Radiological Protection (5.0E-05). The risks of dermal exposure presented the same trend as inhalation exposure, but the level was much lower than that of inhalation exposure. Thus, inhalation exposure of atmospheric VOCs was the dominant way of health risk in these factories. |
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