| 广州市中心城区环境空气中挥发性有机物的污染特征与健康风险评价 |
| 摘要点击 4076 全文点击 2194 投稿时间：2013-07-01 修订日期：2013-08-30 |
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| 中文关键词 环境空气 挥发性有机物 污染特征 健康风险评价 广州市 |
| 英文关键词 ambient air VOCs pollution characteristics health risk assessment Guangzhou |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 于2009年11月5~9日,采用在线监测方法对广州市中心城区环境空气中31种VOCs物种进行了观测,对其浓度水平与变化特征、组成与来源、化学反应活性进行了分析,并利用国际公认的健康风险评价方法对VOCs的健康风险进行了评价.结果表明,31种VOCs物种的平均质量浓度为114.51 μg·m-3(范围为29.42~546.06 μg·m-3),烷烃和芳香烃是含量最为丰富的组分; 31种VOCs浓度之和及烷烃、烯烃、芳香烃3类化合物的各组分浓度之和都呈现出早晚高,中午低的日变化特征.机动车尾气排放是研究区环境空气中VOCs的主要来源,同时汽油、液化石油气的挥发以及涂料和溶剂的挥发也是其重要来源.研究区VOCs气团对臭氧生成潜势贡献率最大的是芳香烃(42.5%)和烯烃(38.6%); 甲苯、反-2-丁烯、间/对二甲苯、正丁烷、1,3,5-三甲苯等是VOCs中的关键活性组分.机动车尾气排放、汽油蒸发是导致研究区环境空气中臭氧形成的重要VOCs排放源.健康风险评价结果表明,己烷、1,3-丁二烯和BTEX对人体的非致癌风险(HQ)在3.95E-03~2.45E-01之间,对暴露人群不存在非致癌风险; 1,3-丁二烯、苯的致癌风险值(RISK)分别为1.47E-05、5.34E-05,对暴露人群存在潜在的致癌风险.本研究结果与国内其它部分城市环境空气中苯系物健康风险评价结果的比较研究发现,我国城市环境空气中苯对暴露人群存在着较大的致癌风险,因此,我国有必要采取措施严格控制环境空气中苯的污染水平,尽早研究并制定环境空气中苯的环境基准和标准. |
| 英文摘要 |
| The measurements of 31 kinds of VOCs in the ambient air of a site were carried out in the downtown of Guangzhou by online method from November 5, 2009 to November 9, 2009. The ambient level and composition characteristics, temporal variation characteristics, sources identification, and chemical reactivity of VOCs were studied, and the health risk of VOCs in the ambient air in the study area was assessed by using the international recognized health risk assessment method. Results showed that the mean and the range of the mass concentrations of 31 VOCs were 114.51 μg·m-3 and 29.42-546.06 μg·m-3, respectively. The mass concentrations of 31 VOCs, and those of alkanes, alkenes, and aromatics all showed a changing trend of higher in the morning and in the evening, and lower at noontime. Vehicular exhaust, gasoline and liquefied petroleum gas evaporates were the main sources of VOCs with the volatilization of paints and solvents being important emission sources. Toluene, trans-2-butene, m/p-xylene, i-butane, and 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene were the key reactive species among the 31 VOCs. Vehicular exhaust and gasoline evaporation were the main sources of VOCs leading to the formation of ozone. Health risk assessment showed that n-hexane, 1,3-butadiene, benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, m/p-xylene and o-xylene had no appreciable risk of adverse non-cancer health effect on the exposed population, but 1,3-butadiene and benzene had potential cancer risk. By comparing the corresponding data about health risk assessment of benzene compounds in some cities in China, it is concluded that benzene can impose relatively high cancer risk to the exposed populations in the ambient air of some cities in China. Therefore, strict countermeasures should be taken to further control the pollution of benzene in the ambient air of cities, and it is imperative to start the related studies and develop the atmospheric environmental health criteria and national ambient air quality standard for benzene in China. |
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