| J市饮用水氯消毒副产物分析及其健康风险评价 |
| 摘要点击 3191 全文点击 1550 投稿时间：2012-12-11 修订日期：2013-03-07 |
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| 中文关键词 饮用水 三卤甲烷 卤乙酸 氯消毒副产物 健康风险 |
| 英文关键词 drinking water trihalomethanes haloacetic acids chlorinated disinfection byproducts health risk |
| 作者 | 单位 | E-mail | | 李晓玲 | 上海师范大学生命与环境科学学院, 上海 200234
浙江清华长三角研究院生态环境研究所, 浙江省水质科学与技术重点实验室, 嘉兴 314006 | | | 刘锐 | 浙江清华长三角研究院生态环境研究所, 浙江省水质科学与技术重点实验室, 嘉兴 314006 | | | 兰亚琼 | 浙江清华长三角研究院生态环境研究所, 浙江省水质科学与技术重点实验室, 嘉兴 314006 | | | 余素林 | 浙江清华长三角研究院生态环境研究所, 浙江省水质科学与技术重点实验室, 嘉兴 314006 | | | 文晓刚 | 浙江清华长三角研究院生态环境研究所, 浙江省水质科学与技术重点实验室, 嘉兴 314006
嘉兴学院南湖学院, 嘉兴 314000 | wenxg.thzj@gmail.com | | 陈吕军 | 浙江清华长三角研究院生态环境研究所, 浙江省水质科学与技术重点实验室, 嘉兴 314006
清华大学环境学院, 北京 100084 | | | 张永明 | 上海师范大学生命与环境科学学院, 上海 200234 | |
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| 中文摘要 |
| J市位于太湖下游,其水源水质受上游和自身工农业发展的影响,有机物和氨氮浓度较高,氯消毒副产物及其引发的健康风险广泛受到关注. 2012年5、8、10月以及2013年1月采样,使用气相色谱法分析了J市饮用水中4种三卤甲烷和5种卤乙酸的含量,发现自来水中三卤甲烷浓度占三卤甲烷与卤乙酸总和的88.1%以上,5月、8月和次年1月浓度较高(分别为39.34、50.37和28.02 μg ·L-1),10月浓度(19.19 μg ·L-1)较低,远高于卤乙酸的浓度(2.58~4.02 μg ·L-1). 自来水煮沸3 min后,三卤甲烷可去除92.3%以上,但卤乙酸会大幅度增加. 基于EPA推荐的健康风险评价模型对经口摄取途径时氯消毒副产物的致癌和非致癌风险进行计算,发现化学致癌物质的健康风险为3.1×10-6~7.3×10-6,高于可接受风险水平1×10-6; 煮沸后致癌物质的健康风险大幅度降低至7.9×10-7,低于可接受风险水平. 煮沸后非致癌氯消毒副产物的健康风险由2.1×10-11显著升高至3.4×10-9,未超过10-5 的风险管理参考值. |
| 英文摘要 |
| J City lies in the downstream of Taihu Lake and its water source was micro-polluted by the well-developed industry and agriculture inside the city and in the upper stream. Tap water of J City is characterized as high concentrations of organics and ammonia nitrogen, and chlorinated disinfection byproducts (CDBPs), which has drawn many public concerns for the health risk. Tap water was sampled in May, August, October of 2012 and January of 2013. Four trihalomethanes (THMs) and five haloacetic acids (HAAs) were determined with the gas chromatography. Results revealed that THMs accounted for 88.1% of the sum of THMs and HAAs, with higher concentrations in May, August and January (39.34, 50.37 and 28.02 μg ·L-1, respectively) while obviously lower in October (19.19 μg ·L-1), which were significantly higher than that of HAAs (2.58-4.02μg ·L-1). After boiled for three minutes, THMs were removed over 92.3% but HAAs were largely increased. The health risk of CDBPs was then calculated based on the health risk assessment model recommended by the USEPA. The health risk caused by carcinogenic CDBPs was within a range of 3.1×10-6-7.3×10-6 in the tap water, all over the recommended level of 1×10-6, but after boiled, the value significantly decreased to 7.9×10-7, which is below the recommended level. The health risk caused by non-carcinogenic CDBPs absolutely increased from 2.1×10-11 to 3.4×10-9 after boiled, which is below the reference value of 10-5. |
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