| 消毒副产物生成的温度影响和动力学模型 |
| 摘要点击 2212 全文点击 1219 投稿时间：2012-02-15 修订日期：2012-05-15 |
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| 中文关键词 消毒副产物 水温 动力学模型 UFC 速率常数 |
| 英文关键词 disinfection by-products water temperature kinetic modeling uniform formation condition(UFC) rate constant |
| 作者 | 单位 | E-mail | | 张小璐 | 清华大学环境学院,环境模拟与污染控制国家联合重点实验室,北京 100084 | zhxl-hh@163.com | | 杨宏伟 | 清华大学环境学院,环境模拟与污染控制国家联合重点实验室,北京 100084 | | | 王小亻毛 | 清华大学环境学院,环境模拟与污染控制国家联合重点实验室,北京 100084 | wangxiaomao@tsinghua.edu.cn | | 付静 | 清华大学环境学院,环境模拟与污染控制国家联合重点实验室,北京 100084 | | | 解跃峰 | 清华大学环境学院,环境模拟与污染控制国家联合重点实验室,北京 100084 | |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 在水厂和供水管网中,加氯消毒副产物(DBPs)的生成浓度会随着季节转换和水温变化而出现明显波动. 为了探究不同温度条件下DBP生成浓度的变化规律,本研究利用腐殖酸(HA)作为有机前体物进行加氯消毒,参照DBP统一生成条件(uniform formation condition,UFC),在不同水温下监测DBP［包括三卤甲烷(THM)和卤乙酸(HAA)］的生成浓度,并从动力学角度对该生成反应的机制做出分析,进而建立初步的浓度预测模型. 结果表明,对于检测到的3种典型DBPs［三氯甲烷(CHCl3)、二氯乙酸(DCAA)和三氯乙酸(TCAA)］,水温升高均能够明显提高其生成速率和最大生成浓度,其中后者随着温度的升高近似呈指数增长(R2>0.90). 根据一级反应动力学模型对各组温度条件下的DBP实测值进行拟合,得到了较好的相关性(R2>0.94). 为了进一步验证该动力学模型的准确性和可靠性,在20℃和30℃条件下分别采用该模型对DBP的实际生成浓度进行预测,并与实测值进行比较,均得到了良好的预测结果. 为定量研究温度对DBP生成速率的影响规律,利用阿伦尼乌斯公式计算得到CHCl3、DCAA和TCAA的表观反应活化能分别为22.3、25.5和40.8 kJ·mol-1. |
| 英文摘要 |
| Water temperature has significant effects on the disinfection by-product (DBP) formation and concentration in many water utilities and distribution systems. To study the temperature effect on the DBP concentration, the uniform formation condition(UFC) test was referred in testing the formation concentration of DBPs ［including (trihalomethanes) THMs and (haloacetic acids) HAAs］ at different temperatures during chlorination of the humic acid (HA) solution. A kinetic model was consequently proposed to predict DBP concentration during chlorination. Results show that for the three detected DBPs, including chloroform (CHCl3), dichloroacetic acid (DCAA) and trichloroacetic acid (TCAA), increasing temperature could considerably enhance both the DBP formation rates and the maximum DBP concentrations, where the maximum concentrations increase exponentially with the water temperature (R2>0.90). By using the data-processing software Origin, the detected DBP values were fitted using the proposed first order kinetic model, and the result showed a strong correlation for each DBP at various temperatures (R2>0.94). The apparent reaction rate constant k was also derived for each DBP. In order to quantify the temperature effect on DBP formation, the Arrhenius Equation was employed to calculate the apparent reaction activation energy for each DBP-22.3, 25.5 and 40.8 kJ·mol-1 for CHCl3, DCAA and TCAA, respectively. By comparing the model predicted and the detected DBP values at 20 and 30℃, the model showed a strong performance in predicting DBP formation concentrations, which indicated the reliability and validity of this proposed kinetic model. |
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