| 涪江流域农业非点源污染空间分布及污染源识别 |
| 摘要点击 2625 全文点击 1543 投稿时间：2012-02-16 修订日期：2012-03-26 |
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| 中文关键词 涪江流域 农业非点源 总氮 输出系数模型 空间分布 污染源识别 |
| 英文关键词 Fujiang watershed agricultural non-point source total nitrogen(TN) export coefficient model(ECM) spatial distribution pollution source identification |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 采用输出系数模型,借助地理信息系统技术,对涪江流域的农业非点源污染进行了模拟,分析了流域非点源污染的空间分布特征,并对主要污染源进行了辨识,以期为流域非点源污染控制与管理提供决策支持. 研究表明, 2010年研究区农业非点源总氮污染负荷为9.11×104 t,全区平均负荷强度为 3.10 t·km-2; 农业非点源总氮负荷总量最主要分布在旱地、绵阳市和缓坡区,农业非点源总氮负荷强度的高负荷区为旱地、德阳市和缓坡区; 农业用地的化肥流失是污染的首要污染源,贡献率为62.12%,其中旱地的化肥流失是最主要来源,贡献率为50.49%. 可见,改进粗放的农业耕作方式、积极推进"退耕还林"、合理处理养殖废水、集中收集农村生活污水等是研究区非点源污染有效的控制措施. |
| 英文摘要 |
| In order to provide regulatory support for management and control of non-point source (NPS) pollution in Fujiang watershed, agricultural NPS pollution is simulated, spatial distribution characteristics of NPS pollution are analyzed, and the primary pollution sources are also identified,by export coefficient model (ECM) and geographic information system(GIS). Agricultural NPS total nitrogen (TN) loading was of research area was 9.11×104 t in 2010, and the average loading was intensity was 3.10 t·km-2. Agricultural NPS TN loading mainly distributed over dry lands, Mianyang city and gentle slope areas; high loading intensity areas were dry lands, Deyang city and gentle slope areas. Agricultural land use, of which contribution rate was 62.12%, was the most important pollution source; fertilizer loss in dry lands, of which contribution rate was 50.49%, was the prominent. Improving methods of agricultural cultivation, implementing "farm land returning to woodland" policy, and enhancing treatment efficiency of domestic sewage and livestock waster wate are effective measures. |
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