| 华北工业城市降水中金属元素污染特征及来源 |
| 摘要点击 3357 全文点击 1448 投稿时间：2012-01-02 修订日期：2012-03-22 |
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| 中文关键词 降水化学 金属元素 来源分析 工业城市 华北 |
| 英文关键词 precipitation chemistry trace metals source analysis industry city Northern China |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 为了解华北工业地区降水中金属元素的污染特征及其来源,使用干湿沉降自动观测仪采集了河北唐山市2009年12月~2010年11月大气降水样品,使用ICP-MS对样品中25种金属元素的浓度进行了分析. 结果表明,唐山降水中地壳元素(Ca、Mg、Na、K、Fe和Al)占所测元素浓度总量的97.72%,重金属(Zn、Mn、Pb、Ba、Sb、Cu、Ni、As、V、Co和Se)仅占2.25%; Zn和Ca分别是含量最高的重金属和地壳元素,加权平均浓度分别为88.7 μg·L-1和4.5 mg·L-1. 降水中金属元素浓度的季节变化十分明显,多数元素表现为冬春季高、夏秋季低的特征. 唐山降水中部分重金属的浓度高于华北背景地区泰山顶的报道结果,其中Tl、As、Ag、Zn、Pb、Cd、Se和Sb的富集因子介于102~105之间,明显受到人类活动的影响. 因子分析表明唐山降水中金属元素的污染主要与钢铁冶炼工业、扬尘和燃煤的源排放有关. |
| 英文摘要 |
| To investigate the chemical characteristics and possible sources of trace metals in precipitation of Tangshan, a typical industrial city in Northern China, precipitation samples were collected using an automated wet-only sampler for one year from December 2009 to November 2010 and subjected to chemical analysis using ICP-MS. The results showed that crustal elements (Ca, Mg, Na, K, Fe and Al) accounted for 97.72% of the total concentrations while heavy metals (Zn, Mn, Pb, Ba, Sb, Cu, Ni, As, V, Co and Se) only contributed 2.25% of the total. Zinc was the most abundant heavy metal and calcium had the highest concentration among the crustal elements, with volume-weighted mean concentrations of 88.7 μg·L-1and 4.5 mg·L-1, respectively. Seasonal variations of trace metals were significant, with higher values observed in winter and spring than in summer and autumn. The calculation of crustal enrichment factors with Al as the reference element indicated that Tl, As, Ag, Zn, Pb, Cd, Se and Sb were mainly derived from anthropogenic sources and the enrichment factor values of those elements ranged from 102 to 105. In addition, the concentrations of heavy metals such as Pb, Cu and Ni in precipitation of Tangshan city were higher than those reported for Mt. Tai. The results of principle component analysis demonstrated that steel smelting emissions, fugitive dusts and coal combustion were probably the major contributors of trace metals in the precipitation of Tangshan City. |
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