| 实验室条件下蓝藻结皮对低温光照胁迫的响应与微结构变化 |
| 摘要点击 2112 全文点击 957 投稿时间：2011-10-20 修订日期：2011-12-08 |
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| 中文关键词 荒漠化 人工蓝藻结皮 低温-光照 生理特性 超微结构 |
| 英文关键词 desertification artificial cyanobacterial crusts low temperature and light physiological characteristics ultrastructures |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 低温光照是荒漠化地区蓝藻结皮经常面临的环境条件之一.报道了实验室条件下低温光照处理对蓝藻结皮形态、生理特性和超微结构的影响.本研究中,首先通过接种具鞘微鞘藻和爪哇伪枝藻形成人工蓝藻结皮,接着以人工蓝藻结皮为材料进行低温光照处理:28℃+60 μE ·(m2 ·s)-1(对照)、10℃+60 μE ·(m2 ·s)-1、2℃+60 μE ·(m2 ·s)-1和2℃+黑暗.在不同低温光照处理的第0、5和12 d分别测定蓝藻结皮光合活性(Fv/Fm)、叶绿素a、胞外多糖、伪枝藻素、类胡萝卜素和藻蓝蛋白的含量及藻蓝蛋白/叶绿素比值,同时采用扫描电镜观察低温光照处理下蓝藻结皮的微结构变化.此外,对结皮的表观形态特征如结皮颜色、厚度和干重等进行了测定.与对照结皮相比,低温光照下结皮的表观形态受到不利影响,所测定的结皮各项生理指标均呈现显著下降(P<0.05).在2℃+60 μE ·(m2 ·s)-1处理12 d时,结皮生物量、光合活性、胞外多糖含量、伪枝藻素含量、类胡萝卜素含量和藻蓝蛋白含量分别比同期对照结皮下降了61.48%、94.89%、66.37%、31.01%、59.38%和65.91%.电镜观察表明,低温光照导致蓝藻结皮的超微结构受到明显破坏,表现为结皮层出现大量蜂窝状空隙,藻丝体数量减少,呈网格状分布,对沙粒的束缚能力减弱等.研究表明低温光照对蓝藻结皮的形态和生理活性具有明显的抑制效应,而低温黑暗能较好地促进蓝藻结皮生理活性和结皮表观形态的恢复.本研究初步探索了蓝藻结皮对低温光照胁迫的耐受性,同时对于了解蓝藻结皮在野外极端环境条件下的生存状况具有一定的理论意义. |
| 英文摘要 |
| Low temperature and light are noticeable environmental conditions commonly experienced by cyanobacterial crusts growing in desert areas. Here we reported the effects of low temperature and light on the morphology, physiological characteristics and ultrastructural changes of artificial cyanobacterial crust. Firstly artificial cyanobacterial crusts were formed by inoculating Microcoleus vaginatus Gom. and Scytonema javanicum (Kütz.) Born et Flah onto shifting sand in Petri dishes. Then, the artificial cyanobacterial crusts were selected as the experimental materials and subjected to the following treatments: 28℃+60 μE ·(m2 ·s)-1(control), 10℃+60 μE ·(m2 ·s)-1, 2℃+60 μE ·(m2 ·s)-1 and 2℃+dark. On the 0th, 5th and 12th days during the experimental period, biomass (expressed as Chl-a), photosynthetic activities (optimal quantum yield, Fv/Fm), exopolysaccharide (EPS), scytonemin, carotenoid and C-phycocyanin contents of the crusts in different treatments were determined. We also observed the ultrastructural changes of the cyanobacterial crusts in the control and 2℃ treatments by means of scan electron microscope (SEM). Moreover, the morphological properties such as crust color, crust thickness and crust dry weight etc. were also examined. The results indicated that the morphology of the treated crusts suffered unfavorable effect under light and low temperature stress, and Chl-a, Fv/Fm, EPS, scytonemin and carotenoid contents as well as C-phycocyanin content of the treated crusts were all significantly lower than those of the crusts under control conditions (P<0.05). When the cyanobacterial crusts were treated for 12 days under 2℃+60 μE ·(m2 ·s)-1, Chl-a, Fv/Fm, EPS, scytonemin and carotenoid contents as well as C-phycocyanin content within the crusts decreased by 61.48%, 94.89%, 66.37%, 31.01%, 59.38% and 65.91%, respectively. Obvious destruction in ultrastructure was observed in the cyanobacterial crust under cold stress, such as the presence of numerous honeycombs within the crusts and the sparse and loose appearance of the algal filaments, etc. The research verified that the acquired treatments had negative effects on the morphology, growth and microstructures of the cyanobacterial crusts, and the cooperation of low temperature and dark could provide effective protection for the morphological, physiological and microstructural features of the crust subjected to cold and light stress. The aim of this study was to primarily discuss the responses of cyanobacterial crusts to low temperature and light stress, and to offer a basic understanding of cyanobacterial crusts against extreme environments in fields, which may have certain academic significance for researches interested in cyanobactrial crusts. |
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