| 扎龙湿地表层沉积物多环芳烃的污染特征研究 |
| 摘要点击 1818 全文点击 1533 投稿时间：2010-08-31 修订日期：2010-10-08 |
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| 中文关键词 多环芳烃 表层沉积物 总有机碳 长距离大气迁移 扎龙湿地 黑龙江省 |
| 英文关键词 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs) surface sediments total organic carbon long range atmospheric transport Zhalong wetland Heilongjiang Province |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 利用索氏抽提、硅胶氧化铝净化和GC-MS定性和定量的方法研究了黑龙江省扎龙湿地12个表层沉积物中15种优控PAHs的环境行为,目的是阐明扎龙湿地表层沉积物中PAHs的污染水平、组成特征、污染来源和途径,评价PAHs对扎龙湿地水生生物的生态风险.结果表明, 15种PAHs的总含量(干重) 范围在31.9～290 ng/g之间,平均含量为130 ng/g.在化合物组成上,主要以低环的菲、芴和荧蒽等化合物为主, 2～4环化合物占PAHs的90%；PAHs含量水平低于国内外其它的湿地湖泊,与西藏拉鲁湿地处同一水平,污染较轻.沉积物中PAHs含量与总有机碳呈显著正相关(R2=0.87).PAHs主要污染源为煤和生物质的燃烧,通过长距离大气迁移和沉降,在湿地中得以富集.生态风险评价表明芴和菲已开始在扎龙湿地表层沉积物中表现出累积的趋势,可能会对湿地的生物产生危害. |
| 英文摘要 |
| Soxhlet extraction, silica gel alumina column for separation and clean up and gas chromatography-mass spectrometer (GC-MS) for qualitative and quantitative analysis were used for study environmental behavior of 15 priority PAHs of twelve surface sediment samples collected from Zhalong wetland, Heilongjiang Province. The objectives of this study were to identify the PAHs contamination level, composition pattern, pollution sources and pathways, and to assess the ecological risk of PAHs to aquatic life in Zhalong wetland. The total concentrations of 15 priority PAHs ranged form 31.9 to 290 ng/g (dry weight), with a mean value of 130 ng/g. The PAHs profiles were dominated by two-to four-ring compounds which accounted for 90% of total PAHs. Phenanthrene, fluorine, fluoranthene, and pyrene represented the highest fractions in all surface sediment samples. Comparing with other results from wetlands and lakes in China or other countries, the PAH concentrations level in Zhalong wetland surface sediments were relatively low, in the same range of Lharu wetland. The linear regression analysis showed that the concentrations of PAHs were significantly correlated to the sediment total organic carbon (TOC) content (R2=0.87). PAHs contamination might mainly came from biomass and coal combustion. After long range atmospheric transport and deposition, the released PAHs finally accumulated into wetland sediment. Ecology risk assessment indicated that phenanthrene and fluorine had exhibited a tendency of accumulation on surface sediment of Zhalong wetland, which would exert negative toxic effect on aquatic organism. |
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