| 膜生物反应器处理城市污水的后续次氯酸钠消毒研究 |
| 摘要点击 1949 全文点击 1774 投稿时间：2010-09-06 修订日期：2010-12-30 |
| 查看HTML全文
查看全文 查看/发表评论 下载PDF阅读器 |
| 中文关键词 膜生物反应器 城市污水 氯化消毒 急性毒性 消毒副产物 |
| 英文关键词 membrane bioreactor（MBR） municipal wastewater chlorination disinfection acute toxicity disinfection by-products(DBPs) |
|
| 中文摘要 |
| 针对膜生物反应器(membrane bioreactor, MBR)处理城市污水的后续次氯酸钠消毒，分别开展了不同氯的投加剂量对指示微生物(总大肠菌群和粪大肠菌群)的灭活效果、消毒副产物(disinfection by-products,DBPs)生成量以及消毒后出水发光菌急性毒性研究．结果表明，在工程应用中MBR处理工艺出水总大肠菌群1500～２４00 CFU/L，粪大肠菌群10～40 CFU/L，很难达到再生水水质标准的要求．以次氯酸钠为消毒剂进行实验，当次氯酸钠剂量为有效氯浓度2.0 mg/L、接触时间为1 h时，消毒后水中粪大肠杆菌能够达到<3 CFU/L的再生水回用标准．随有效氯剂量的增加氯消毒副产物的浓度呈线性增长，当次氯酸钠剂量为有效氯浓度2.0 mg/L、接触时间为1 h时，三卤甲烷类消毒副产物(trihalomethanes, THMs)和卤乙酸类消毒副产物(haloacetic acids, HAAs)分别为16.22和7.35 μg/L，其中三氯甲烷(TCM)、一溴二氯甲烷(DCBM)和二溴一氯甲烷(CDBM)的浓度分别为14.1、1.6和0.5 μg/L，TCM占THMs的质量分数为87%．HAAs主要为二氯乙酸(DCAA)1.58 μg/L和三氯乙酸(TCAA)2.01 μg/L，DBPs以卤代副产物为主，低于国家限值．MBR出水对发光菌的抑制作用较弱(17.5%)，次氯酸钠消毒后发光菌急性毒性显著增加，有效氯投加量为3.0 mg/L时，抑光率由原水的17.5%升至48%(消除余氯)，但是仍属于无毒范围．由此可见，MBR出水次氯酸钠消毒能够有效杀灭水中残余微生物，并且消毒后出水的消毒副产物以及发光菌急性毒性均在安全限值内，能够满足卫生安全方面的要求．研究为MBR工艺出水消毒提供了理论依据和技术支持． |
| 英文摘要 |
| Sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) used in wastewater disinfection was assessed by examining its performances in lab fed by the effluent from a MBR treatment plant. The influence of sodium hypochlorite initial concentrations (0.5-3.0 mg/L) on the presence of indicator microorganisms (total coliforms, fecal coliforms), disinfection by-products(DBPs) concentrations and the acute toxicity were evaluated. Results indicate the total coliforms and the fecal coliform were 1500-２４00 and 10-40 CFU/L, which is difficult to meet the present reclaimed water quality standards. A chlorine dose of 2.0 mg/L and contact for 1 h could achieve a 3 lg indicator bacteria reduction in MBR effluent samples. THMs (trihalomethanes) analysis indicated that concentrations of THMs increase with the raise of the active chlorine dose. After adding sodium hypochlorite 1 h the concentrations of trihalomethanes(THMs) were 16.22, 7.35 μg/L respectively and chloroform(TCM) accounted for 87% of THMs, the haloacetic acids(HAAs) was involved trichloroacetic acid(TCAA) 2.01 μg/L, dichloroacetic acid(DCAA) 1.58 μg/L and under the national limits. Luminescence bacteria acute toxicity analysis showed that the chlorinated effluent has higher inhibition rate (48%) in comparison to the control with a chlorine dosage of 3.0 mg/L. The results which could provide theoretical basis to production show that NaClO disinfection not only can inactivate microbe with the DBPs and acute toxicity of the effluent under the safety limits, but also meet the requirement of health and safety. |
