| 重型柴油车对空气质量的影响及其排放的控制 |
| 摘要点击 3409 全文点击 2961 投稿时间：2011-01-20 修订日期：2011-04-06 |
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| 中文关键词 超细粒子 氮氧化物 重型柴油车 机动车排放 空气质量 灰霾 |
| 英文关键词 ultrafine particles nitrogen oxides heavy-duty diesel vehicles motor vehicle emissions air quality haze |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 通过对柴油车污染物排放的特征和机动车排放清单的分析，探讨了重型柴油车对我国城市空气质量的影响及其排放的控制.重型柴油车排放大量的氮氧化物和颗粒物，其中氮氧化物为大气中产生二次细粒子以及臭氧的重要前体物之一，导致区域性灰霾的形成，而柴油颗粒物是影响健康的一个主要有毒空气污染物，尤其是其中粒径为30～100 nm的超细粒子，由于其粒径非常微小，对人体健康有极大的危害性.目前机动车已成为我国很多大城市和城市群地区的重要空气污染源，而其中的重型柴油车则排放了很大部分的氮氧化物和细颗粒物.因此，控制重型柴油车的排放应当是今后我国城市空气质量管理中的一个关键部分，一些与重型柴油车排放控制相关的问题需要引起重视. |
| 英文摘要 |
| Through an analysis of the characteristics of diesel vehicle emissions and motor vehicle emissions inventories, this paper examines the impact of heavy-duty diesel vehicles on air quality in China as well as issues related to the control of their emissions. Heavy-duty diesel vehicles emit large amounts of nitrogen oxides and particulate matter. Nitrogen oxides is one of the important precursors for the formation of secondary particles and ozone in the atmosphere, causing regional haze. Diesel particulate matter is a major toxic air pollutant with adverse effect on human health, and in particular, the ultrafine particles in 30-100 nm size range can pose great health risks because of its extremely small sizes. Motor vehicles have become a major source of air pollution in many metropolitan areas and city cluster in China, and among them the heavy-duty diesel vehicles are a dominant contributor of nitrogen oxides and particulate matter emissions. Hence, controlling heavy-duty diesel vehicle emissions should be a key component of an effective air quality management plan, and a number of issues related to heavy-duty diesel vehicle emissions need to be addressed. |
