| 南水北调中线源头区降雨径流中多环芳烃分布特征 |
| 摘要点击 3066 全文点击 2126 投稿时间：2010-07-27 修订日期：2010-10-08 |
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| 中文关键词 持久性有机污染物 多环芳烃（PAHs） 降雨径流 颗粒物 分布特征 |
| 英文关键词 persistent organic pollutants polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons runoff particles distribution characteristics |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 研究了南水北调中线源头区降雨径流中多环芳烃的分布特征及来源.根据不同土地利用类型修建了5组径流场收集径流，采用GC/MS对径流中美国EPA优先控制的16种PAHs进行了检测分析.结果表明，3种土地利用类型降雨径流水相中PAHs含量平均值为：耕地（26.53 ng·L-1）>栎林（20.91 ng·L-1）>果园（17.59 ng·L-1）；颗粒相中PAHs含量平均值为:耕地（1073.72 ng·g-1）>果园（652.29 ng·g-1）>栎林（385.46 ng·g-1）.耕地和果园两期径流中均检测出高环致癌组分Bap，检出率为30%；与美国EPA 2006年颁布的《国家推荐的优先有毒污染物水质标准》比较发现组分Chr超过标准，超标率为40%，其在样品中的检出率则高达100%.降雨径流量随坡度的增加呈明显的上升趋势，径流两相中总PAHs含量随坡度的增加也呈明显的上升趋势，可见同种利用类型土地径流中PAHs流失量与坡度的大小密切相关.使用分子标志物指示法对研究区径流中PAHs来源进行解析，结果表明研究区径流中PAHs主要来源是煤、木材等燃烧源，少量来源于汽车尾气排放.研究区降雨径流中PAHs污染存在一定的生态风险，值得进一步关注. |
| 英文摘要 |
| The distribution characteristics of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in runoff from the middle line source area of south-to-north water diversion project were studied. Five groups of artificial runoff fields were established to collect runoff based on the different types of land-use, the contents of 16 USEPA priority PAHs in the runoff were determined using GC/MS method. The results showed that the average concentrations of PAHs of the aqueous phase in the collected runoff samples of different land-use types decreased in the order：cultivated land（26.53 ng·L-1）>oak forest（20.91 ng·L-1）>orchard（17.59 ng·L-1）, and the average concentrations of PAHs of the particle phase were cultivated land（1073.72 ng·g-1） >orchard（652.29 ng·g-1）>oak forest（385.46 ng·g-1）. The high carcinogenic components Bap were detected in both run off of cultivated land and orchard with a detected rate of 30%. According to National Recommended Water Quality Standards of priority toxic pollutants (2006 USEPA), it was found that Chr exceed standard 40%, with a detected rate of 100%. It was also found that the runoff volume and the total PAHs content in runoff increase with the slope, and PAHs loss and slope were closely related in same land-use types. Based on the Molecular Markers Indicative Law, it can be concluded that the dominant source of PAHs in runoff of study area was combustion of coal, and a small amount came from vehicle exhaust emissions. There is a certain degree of ecological risk about runoff PAHs pollution in the study area, which is worth further attention. |
