| 天津典型水环境表层沉积物中营养盐含量及动态特征 |
| 摘要点击 1588 全文点击 1175 投稿时间：2008-04-07 修订日期：2008-06-24 |
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| 中文关键词 营养盐 分布特征 沉积物 水环境 天津市 |
| 英文关键词 nutrient distribution characteristic sediment waters Tianjin City |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 对天津4个典型水环境(于桥水库、海河干流、海河大沽口和渤海湾天津近岸海域)表层沉积物(0～25 cm)中有机物(OM)、总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)、有效磷(BAP)等的含量进行了测定，采用与土壤背景值及历年监测数据进行比较的方法，研究天津典型水环境表层沉积物中营养盐富集水平和动态特征.结果表明，天津4种典型水环境表层沉积物均已受人为污染，但仍属于多数底栖生物可承受的污染水平，海河干流营养盐含量明显比海河大沽口、于桥水库和天津近岸海域高，呈现由海河干流、海河大沽口和天津近岸海域递减的趋势，OM、TN、TP和BAP的富集系数(EF)分别达到了1.6～6.5、 0.9～2.7、 0.9～2.6和4.4～9.2；不同水环境沉积物中BAP含量的高低与TP含量并不一致，于桥水库表层沉积物中BAP占TP的比值最大，达到16.3%，表明内源释放严重，富营养化问题突出；于桥水库沉积物中OM和BAP含量与1988年相比均有大幅度的增加，TP基本持平，TN略有上升；海河干流底泥清淤后，表层沉积物中OM、TN和TP含量下降了42.3%、 17.2%和14.8%，对底泥营养盐的去除起到一定作用. |
| 英文摘要 |
| Concentrations of organic matter (OM), total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP) and bioavailable phosphorus (BAP) were determined in superficial sediment (0-25 cm) collected from 4 selected typical waters (Yuqiao reservoir, Haihe River, Haihe estuary and Bohai Bay) in Tianjin, China. Pollution index (Pi) and enrichment factors (EF) were taken to analyze nutrients enrichment and dynamic characteristic. The results show that 4 typical waters are polluted by anthropogenic source and much higher than the permissible limits which most benthos can bearing, the concentrations of OM, TN, TP and BAP are decreasing progressively by the order: Haihe River>Haihe estuary>Bohai Bay Tianjin Sea Area. EF for OM, TN, TP and BAP reaches 1.6-6.5, 0.9-2.7, 0.9-2.6 and 4.4-9.2, respectively. The concentrations of BAP in different waters are inconsistent with those of TP, the ratio of BAP to TP in Yuqiao reservoir is the biggest, 16.3%, which shows endogenous source release is serious and eutrophication is the key problems of water pollution. The concentrations of OM and BAP increase in large scale between 1988 and 2005, TP basically keeps unchanging and TN slightly increases. Around Haihe River sediment dredging, nutrient concentrations (OM, TN and TP) of superficial sediments in Haihe River reduce to 57.7%, 82.8% and 85.2% of original concentration, respectively. And sediment dredging plays a positive role in nutrients removal. |
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