| 油污土微生态环境非生物因子与微生物活性关系 |
| 摘要点击 1468 全文点击 1850 投稿时间：2003-07-19 修订日期：2003-09-29 |
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| 中文关键词 油污土 微生态环境 微生物活性 非生物学因子 |
| 英文关键词 contaminated soil with petroleum hydrocarbons microbial eco-system microbial activity abiotic factors |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 油污土微生态环境的非生物因子通过改变降解优势菌的含量及活性最终影响石油烃的生物降解速率及模式.本研究通过对我国北方部分油田和石油化工区的取样分析,揭示油污土微生态环境的非生物因子与微生物活性的关系,研究影响微生物活性和石油烃降解效率的环境及污染物等非生物因子.结果表明,我国北方油田区及石油化工区土壤受到了不同程度的石油烃污染,石油烃含量最高可达34 000mg/kg干土.柱层析分析结果表明,污染物中烷烃、芳烃等轻质组分含量超过50%,有利于微生物活性的提高.油田区土壤的pH值一般在7.8以上,不利于石油烃降解微生物生长代谢;油污土的营养水平普遍较低,如可被生物利用的速效氮含量低于30mg/kg干土,速效磷含量低于10mg/kg干土,仅占土壤总氮、总磷的5%左右,远远达不到石油烃生物降解所需的营养水平(C:N:P=100:10:1).毫无疑问,调节土壤pH值,增加对营养水平等非生物因子的调控对于提高微生物活性,加快石油烃的降解有重要的意义. |
| 英文摘要 |
| By means of the biostimulation and bioaugmentation in the micro-ecological environment of contaminated soil with petrochemical hydrocarbons, the biodegradation rates and mode of the contaminants were significantly improved. Based on the investigations carried out in some oilfields and petrochemical industrial area of Northern China, the relationship between the abiotic factors such as nutrient, pH, contaminants, water content, alkalinity, etc., and microbial activities was interpreted and identified in this paper. The results from the investigations and indoor and in-situ experiments conducted recent years indicated that the soils in the areas, to the extent, have been polluted by the different kinds of organic compounds composed of monoaromatic benzene, PAHs, chlorinated solvent, and alkanes, and the concentrations of the compounds mostly were elevated as compared to the background, with the highest 34 000mg/kg dry soil. The column chromatography analysis results showed that the alkyl and aromatic compounds were accounted for more than 50% of the total hydrocarbon contents, which was readily degraded by degrading bacteria and improved the degrading microbe activities. The effective nitrogen and phosphorus encountered in the soil was less than 30mg/kg dry soil and 10mg/kg dry soil, only about 5% of total contents of them respectively. Based on the stoichiometric calculation and reasonable ratio of carbon to nutrient content regarding the biodegradation of organic compounds, the nutrient levels mainly composed of nitrogen and phosphorus in polluted soil as importantly limiting factors to degrading bacterial growth and activity were insufficient to the biodegradation of petrochemicals, and it is needed to add the nutrient for the bioremediation of contaminated soil. It is undoubted that the optimization of abiotic factors play significant role in increasing the microbial activity and improving the biodegradation rates. |
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