| 不同种类有机肥施用对稻田CH4和N2O排放的综合影响 |
| 摘要点击 4968 全文点击 2938 投稿时间：2002-09-08 修订日期：2002-12-12 |
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| 中文关键词 稻田 有机肥 CH4 N2O 全球增温潜势 |
| 英文关键词 rice paddy organic manure CH4 and N2O emissions global warming potential |
| 作者 | 单位 | | 邹建文 | 南京农业大学资源与环境科学学院,南京,210095 | | 黄耀 | 南京农业大学资源与环境科学学院,南京,210095 | | 宗良纲 | 南京农业大学资源与环境科学学院,南京,210095 | | 王跃思 | 中国科学院大气物理研究所,北京,100029 | | Ronald L.Sass | 美国莱斯大学生态与进化生物学系,德克萨斯,77005-1892 |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 以麦茬稻田为对象,研究基肥施用不同有机肥对稻田CH4和N2O排放的综合影响.结果表明:有机肥施用对稻田CH4和N2O排放的季节变化模式无明显影响,但影响其排放量.与施用化肥(化肥处理)相比,施用菜饼+化肥(菜饼处理)促进CH4和N2O的排放,其季节排放总量分别增加了252%和22%;施用小麦秸秆+化肥(秸秆处理)和牛厩肥+化肥(牛厩肥处理)明显增加CH4排放,增加量分别为250%和45%,同时却减少N2O排放,分别减少18%和21%;施用猪厩肥+化肥(猪厩肥处理)降低CH4和N2O的排放,分别降低4%和18%.对CH4和N2O排放的综合温室效应分析表明,菜饼和秸秆处理的全球增温潜势(GWP)约为化肥处理的2.5倍,牛厩肥和化肥处理基本持平,但施用猪厩肥可减少10%～15%.各处理的GWP从高到低依次为菜饼、秸秆、牛厩肥、化肥和猪厩肥.单位产量的GWP以秸秆处理最高,菜饼次之,牛厩肥比化肥处理略高,猪厩肥处理最低.从本生长季来看,猪厩肥的施用对于实现环境效益与生产效益的协调发展具有一定作用. |
| 英文摘要 |
| Field experiment was conducted in 2001 rice growing season to understand the effect of organic manure application on CH 4 and N2O emissions. Five treatments of fertilizer including urea and NH 4HCO3 used as chemical fertilizer (CF), chemical fertilizer + pig manure (CF+PM), chemical fertilizer + cow manure (CF+CM), chemical fertilizer + rapeseed cake (CF+RC) and chemical fertilizer + wheat straw (CF+WS) were dedicated to this experiment. Results from the field observations indicated that application of the organic manure did not change the seasonal pattern of CH 4 and N2O emissions but significantly affected the seasonal amounts. Seasonal amount of CH 4 emission from the treatments of CF+CM, CF+RC and CF+WS was respectively 45%, 252% and 250% higher than that from the treatment of CF, but the application of pig manure (CF+PM) did not significantly influence the CH4 emission. The N2O emissions, on the other hand, were reduced by 18%, 21% and 18% for the treatments of CF+PM, CF+CM and CF+WS, respectively. Incorporation of rapeseed cake enhanced the N2O emission, yielding an increment of 22%. On a time scale of 20 year period, the integrated global warming potential (GWP) of CH4+N2O released during the rice growing season for the treatments of CF+RC, CF+WS and CF+CM was respectively 154%, 136% and 17% higher than that for the CF treatment, while a reduction of 10% was obtained for the CF+PM treatment. The calculation of the GWP per unit rice grain yield suggested that the application of pig manure took the slight advantages not only in reducing the GWP but also in improving the grain yield. |
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