| 典型抗病毒药物诱导大肠杆菌进入VBNC状态机制 |
| 摘要点击 264 全文点击 8 投稿时间:2025-08-21 修订日期:2025-10-25 |
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| 中文关键词 抗病毒药物 细菌 可培养能力 活的不可培养(VBNC)状态 响应机制 |
| 英文关键词 antiviral agents bacteria culturable capability viable but nonculturable (VBNC) state response mechanism |
| DOI 10.13227/j.hjkx.202508200 |
| 作者 | 单位 | E-mail | | 孙彤 | 广东工业大学环境科学与工程学院, 广州 510006 粤港澳污染物暴露与健康联合实验室, 广州 510006 | suntong2019@163.com | | 杨珺琪 | 广东工业大学环境科学与工程学院, 广州 510006 粤港澳污染物暴露与健康联合实验室, 广州 510006 | | | 蔡仪威 | 广东工业大学环境科学与工程学院, 广州 510006 粤港澳污染物暴露与健康联合实验室, 广州 510006 | | | 李桂英 | 广东工业大学环境科学与工程学院, 广州 510006 粤港澳污染物暴露与健康联合实验室, 广州 510006 环境健康与污染控制研究院, 广州 510006 环境催化与健康风险控制重点实验室, 广州 510006 | | | 安太成 | 广东工业大学环境科学与工程学院, 广州 510006 粤港澳污染物暴露与健康联合实验室, 广州 510006 环境健康与污染控制研究院, 广州 510006 环境催化与健康风险控制重点实验室, 广州 510006 | antc99@gdut.edu.cn |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 新冠疫情期间抗病毒药物的大量使用导致了很多未完全代谢的药物被释放并残留到环境当中,进一步影响土著微生物群落. 在受到外界刺激的压力作用下,微生物可能会进入休眠状态,如活的不可培养(VBNC)状态并表现出较强的抗逆表型. 然而关于抗病毒药物诱导细菌进入VBNC状态的研究尚未有系统报道. 因此,选择典型抗病毒药物(利托那韦和洛匹那韦)暴露大肠杆菌,探究抗病毒药物对细菌的可培养能力、VBNC状态的形成、细胞形态结构及其生长特性等方面的影响,并阐明其中潜在的分子调控机制. 结果表明,利托那韦对大肠杆菌可培养能力的抑制和VBNC状态形成的诱导随质量浓度的升高呈先增强后减弱的趋势,128 mg·L-1时抑制作用达峰值,可培养细菌数量降幅达99.23%,VBNC细菌占比73%. 而洛匹那韦仅在高质量浓度(256 mg·L-1)下显著抑制大肠杆菌的可培养能力,此时可培养细菌数量降幅达97.2%,VBNC细菌占比77%. 同时,通过平板培养计数、流式细胞术、生长曲线测定、SEM图像等分析,发现利托那韦与洛匹那韦诱导形成的VBNC细菌生长停滞,细胞体积减小. 机制研究表明,利托那韦与洛匹那韦暴露下的细菌通过胞内活性氧(ROS)积累与抗氧化系统动态调控进入VBNC状态. 探讨典型抗病毒药物对细菌的胁迫效应及VBNC状态诱导机制,有助于阐明药物与微生物的互作模式,也为评估抗病毒药物的环境生态风险提供了实验依据. |
| 英文摘要 |
| During the COVID-19 pandemic, the extensive use of antiviral agents has led to the release and accumulation of many incompletely metabolized agents in the environment, further affecting indigenous microbial communities. Under the adverse environmental pressures, microorganisms may enter dormant states, such as the viable but nonculturable (VBNC) state, and exhibit strong stress-resistant phenotypes. However, there is still a lack of systematic reports on whether antiviral agents can induce microorganisms to enter the VBNC state. Therefore, typical antiviral agents (Ritonavir and Lopinavir) were used to expose Escherichia coli (E. coli) to investigate the effects of antiviral agents on the culturability of bacteria, the formation of the VBNC state, cell morphological structure, and growth characteristics and to elucidate the underlying molecular regulatory mechanisms. The results showed that the inhibition of E. coli culturability and the induction of the VBNC state by Ritonavir initially increased and then decreased with increasing concentration. The inhibitory effect peaked at a concentration of 128 mg·L-1, with a 99.23% reduction in culturable bacterial counts when a proportion of VBNC bacteria reached 73%. In contrast, Lopinavir significantly inhibited the culturability of E. coli only at a high concentration (256 mg·L-1), with a 97.2% reduction in the number of culturable bacteria and a proportion of VBNC bacteria reaching 77%. Simultaneously, analyses using plate culture counting, flow cytometry, growth curve determination, and SEM imaging revealed that the VBNC bacteria induced by Ritonavir and Lopinavir exhibited growth arrest and decreased cell volume. Mechanistic studies demonstrated that bacteria exposed to Ritonavir and Lopinavir entered the VBNC state through the accumulation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and dynamic regulation of the antioxidant system. Exploring the stress effects of typical antiviral agents on bacteria and the induction mechanisms of VBNC state helps to clarify the interaction patterns between agents and microorganisms. It also provides experimental evidence for assessing the environmental ecological risks of antiviral agents. |