| 星云湖高原湖泊流域地下水微塑料污染：特征识别、源解析及风险评估 |
| 摘要点击 276 全文点击 2 投稿时间：2025-08-12 修订日期：2025-11-03 |
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| 中文关键词 星云湖 微塑料（MPs） 地下水 污染特征 来源 风险 |
| 英文关键词 Xingyun Lake microplastics（MPs） groundwater pollution characteristics source risk |
| DOI 10.13227/j.hjkx.202508120 |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 为探究高原湖泊流域地下水微塑料的空间分布特征及污染来源，以星云湖西岸典型农业和村镇聚集区域为研究对象，采集地下水样，采用消解、浮选、显微观察及显微红外光谱分析等方法，系统分析了微塑料的丰度、形态特征及来源，并运用污染负荷指数法（PLIzone）和聚合物风险指数法（PHI）评估其生态风险. 结果表明，研究区地下水微塑料数量丰度范围为3 330~7 660 n·m-3，质量丰度范围为1.16~3.30 mg·m-3，空间分布呈现下游>中游>上游的显著特征，主要原因为人类活动的影响. 微塑料粒径以0.2~0.5 mm（50.55%）、形状以纤维状（93.06%）为主，颜色以黑色（39.98%）和蓝色（29.03%）占主导，聚合物类型有RY（66.10%）和PES（15.25%）. 微塑料主要来源于生活污水排放以及农业活动. 风险评估结果显示，PLIzone为72.6，表明研究区处于极高风险水平， 而PHI为3.2±2.5，处于低风险等级. 研究结果可为高原湖泊流域地下水微塑料污染防治提供科学依据. |
| 英文摘要 |
| To investigate the spatial distribution characteristics and pollution sources of microplastics in groundwater within a plateau lake watershed， this study focused on a typical agricultural and village-aggregated area on the western shore of Xingyun Lake. Groundwater samples were collected and analyzed using digestion， flotation， microscopic observation， and micro-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy （μ-FTIR） to systematically examine microplastic abundance， morphological characteristics， and sources. The ecological risks were assessed using the pollution load index （PLIzone） and the polymer hazard index （PHI）. The results indicated that the numerical abundance of microplastics in the groundwater of the study area ranged from 3 330 to 7 660 n·m-3， while the mass abundance ranged from 1.16 to 3.30 mg·m-3. The spatial distribution exhibited a significant pattern of downstream > midstream > upstream， primarily attributable to human activities. Microplastics were predominantly characterized by a particle size of 0.2-0.5 mm （50.55%）， a fibrous shape （93.06%）， and colors dominated by black （39.98%） and blue （29.03%）. The main polymer types identified were RY （66.10%） and PES （15.25%）. The primary sources of microplastics were domestic wastewater discharge and agricultural activities. Risk assessment results showed a PLIzone value of 72.6， indicating an extremely high-risk level in the study area， while the PHI value was 3.2 ±2.5， corresponding to a low-risk level. This study provides a scientific basis for the prevention and control of microplastic pollution in groundwater within plateau lake watersheds. |
