| 中国大气微塑料污染的时空分布、赋存特征及影响因素分析 |
| 摘要点击 350 全文点击 22 投稿时间：2025-08-26 修订日期：2025-10-24 |
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| 中文关键词 大气微塑料（MPs） 功能区 时空分布 赋存特征 影响因素 随机森林（RF）预测模型 |
| 英文关键词 atmospheric microplastics （MPs） functional zones spatiotemporal distribution occurrence characteristics influencing factors random forest（RF） prediction model |
| DOI 10.13227/j.hjkx.202508272 |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 大气微塑料（MPs）污染已成为全球性新兴环境问题，其对生态系统与人体健康的潜在风险日益凸显. 然而，当前缺乏在全国尺度上针对不同功能区大气MPs污染特征的系统性对比研究，其形貌、聚合物组成及关键驱动因子尚不明确. 因此，基于2014~2024年全国249个沉降点与169个悬浮点数据，结合工业排放、气象与社会经济等多维环境参数，系统分析了中国不同功能区大气MPs的时空分布和赋存特征，并构建随机森林预测模型识别影响因素中的关键驱动因子. 结果表明：①MPs沉降平均通量呈“华中[3 888 n·（m2·d）-1]>华北[1 344 n·（m2·d）-1]>华东[967 n·（m2·d）-1]>西南[410 n·（m2·d）-1]>西北[183 n·（m2·d）-1]>华南[85 n·（m2·d）-1]>东北[54 n·（m2·d）-1]”格局，悬浮丰度以中国东部沿海最高（51 n·m-3）；二者在28°~30°N带形成峰值，阐明了人类活动的核心驱动作用. 时间上，沉降通量整体呈波动上升趋势，而悬浮丰度在2022年前后达到峰值后回落，反映了社会经济活动与政策调控的综合影响. ②大气MPs以纤维和碎片状为主，颜色以透明和黑色最常见，聚合物以聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯（PET）、聚乙烯（PE）和聚酰胺（PA）为主；功能区差异显著，MPs沉降通量在垃圾填埋场[5 387 n·（m2·d）-1]最高，其次是住宅区[2 352 n·（m2·d）-1]和工业区[2 349 n·（m2·d）-1]；交通区的悬浮丰度（57 n·m-3）突出；农业区小尺寸MPs（0~50 μm占比为43%）及PET聚合物富集（34%）；偏远区MPs以黑色（38%）及小颗粒悬浮（91%）为主，表明跨境传输影响. ③随机森林模型（R2>0.71）表明，工业排放、产业结构与人口密度是根本驱动力，气象因子（风速和降水等）通过调控沉降-悬浮平衡影响其空间分布. 通过在全国尺度上整合多源数据与机器学习方法，揭示了不同功能区MPs的污染特征与驱动机制，为大气MPs的分区管控与源头治理提供了科学依据. |
| 英文摘要 |
| Atmospheric microplastics （MPs） pollution has emerged as a global environmental issue， with growing concerns about its potential risks to ecosystems and human health. However， there is still a lack of systematic comparative studies on the pollution characteristics of atmospheric MPs across different functional zones at a national scale， and their morphological characteristics， polymer composition， and key driving factors remain unclear. Therefore， based on data from 249 deposition sites and 169 suspension sites across China from 2014 to 2024， combined with multi-dimensional environmental parameters including industrial emissions， meteorological conditions， and socio-economic factors， this study systematically analyzed the spatiotemporal distribution and occurrence characteristics of atmospheric MPs in different functional zones in China， and a random forest model was constructed to identify key influencing factors. The results showed that： ① The average deposition flux of MPs exhibited a regional pattern of Central China [3 888 n·（m2·d）-1] > North China [1 344 n·（m2·d）-1] > East China [967 n·（m2·d）-1] > Southwest China [410 n·（m2·d）-1] > Northwest China [183 n·（m2·d）-1] > South China [85 n·（m2·d）-1] > Northeast China [54 n·（m2·d）-1]， while the highest suspended abundance was found in the eastern coastal area of China （51 n·m-3）. Both showed a peak in the 28-30°N zone， indicating the central role of human activities. Temporally， the overall deposition flux showed a fluctuating upward trend， while the suspended abundance peaked around 2 022 and then declined， reflecting the combined effects of socio-economic activities and policy interventions. ② Atmospheric MPs were dominated by fibrous and fragmented shapes， with transparent and black being the most common colors. The main polymers were polyethylene terephthalate （PET）， polyethylene （PE）， and polyamide （PA）. Significant differences were observed among functional zones： The highest deposition flux was found in landfills [5 387 n·（m2·d）-1]， followed by residential [2 352 n·（m2·d）-1] and industrial areas [2 349 n·（m2·d）-1]； transportation areas had the highest suspended abundance （57 n·m-3 ）. Agricultural areas were characterized by a high proportion of small-sized MPs （0-50 μm， 43%） and enrichment of PET polymers （34%）； remote areas were dominated by black MPs （38%） and small suspended particles （91%）， suggesting the influence of long-range transport. ③ The random forest model （R2 > 0.71） indicated that industrial emissions， industrial structure， and population density were the fundamental driving factors， while meteorological factors （e.g.， wind speed and precipitation） affected the spatial distribution by regulating the deposition-suspension balance. The integration of multi-source data and machine learning methods at the national scale revealed the pollution characteristics and driving mechanisms of MPs in different functional zones， providing a scientific basis for the targeted management and source control of atmospheric MPs. |
