| 天津市地表水体重金属污染分布特征及其健康风险评价 |
| 摘要点击 306 全文点击 11 投稿时间：2025-07-31 修订日期：2025-10-30 |
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| 中文关键词 滨海城市 重金属 时空分布 污染水平 健康风险评价 |
| 英文关键词 coastal city heavy metals spatiotemporal distribution pollution level health risk assessment |
| DOI 10.13227/j.hjkx.202507415 |
| 作者 | 单位 | E-mail | | 张润 | 天津大学地球系统科学学院, 表层地球系统科学研究院, 天津 300072 | zhangrun_213@tju.edu.cn | | 郎赟超 | 天津大学地球系统科学学院, 表层地球系统科学研究院, 天津 300072
天津市环渤海地球关键带科学与可持续发展重点实验室, 天津 300072
天津环渤海滨海地球关键带国家野外科学观测研究站, 天津 300072 | yunchao.lang@tju.edu.cn | | 刘艺轩 | 天津大学地球系统科学学院, 表层地球系统科学研究院, 天津 300072 | | | 岳展鹏 | 天津大学地球系统科学学院, 表层地球系统科学研究院, 天津 300072 | | | 韩晓昆 | 天津大学地球系统科学学院, 表层地球系统科学研究院, 天津 300072
天津市环渤海地球关键带科学与可持续发展重点实验室, 天津 300072
天津环渤海滨海地球关键带国家野外科学观测研究站, 天津 300072 | | | 丁虎 | 天津大学地球系统科学学院, 表层地球系统科学研究院, 天津 300072
天津市环渤海地球关键带科学与可持续发展重点实验室, 天津 300072
天津环渤海滨海地球关键带国家野外科学观测研究站, 天津 300072 | | | 杨博 | 天津大学地球系统科学学院, 表层地球系统科学研究院, 天津 300072 | | | 刘丛强 | 天津大学地球系统科学学院, 表层地球系统科学研究院, 天津 300072
天津市环渤海地球关键带科学与可持续发展重点实验室, 天津 300072
天津环渤海滨海地球关键带国家野外科学观测研究站, 天津 300072 | |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 为评估滨海城市水体重金属的污染现状及其健康风险，选取天津市为研究区，分别于夏季和冬季采集河流、湿地和湖泊等不同类型的地表水体，分析了水体中6种重金属（Cu、Zn、Pb、As、Cr和Cd）浓度，探讨了不同重金属浓度空间分布及其季节变化特征，分析主要来源，并评价重金属的污染水平及其健康风险. 结果表明：①天津市地表水体重金属浓度平均值由高到低依次为As > Zn > Cu > Cr > Pb > Cd，其中Zn、As和Cr在部分点位超出《地表水环境质量标准》（GB 3838—2002）Ⅰ类水质中对重金属的标准. 地表水体中Cu、As和Cr浓度具有显著季节变化，即冬季Cu浓度的平均值高于夏季，而夏季As和Cr浓度的平均值高于冬季. 在空间分布上，天津市东南部沿海养殖塘和河口区域重金属浓度较高. ②来源分析结果表明，天津市地表水体中Pb、Cd、As和Cu主要来源于自然过程和工业活动混合源，Cr和Zn的主要来源为水产养殖和农业活动混合源. ③地表水体污染评价结果表明，Cr是主要污染物，重金属综合污染风险表现为夏季高于冬季. 夏季养殖塘和独流减河河口重金属总体处于中度污染水平，冬季独流减河附近农渠重金属处于中度污染水平，应当重点关注独流减河的水环境状况. ④健康风险评价结果表明，夏季水体中的Cr通过饮水途径对成人和儿童造成的致癌风险均超过1.0×10-6 a-1，存在明确的健康威胁，在未来的环境监测和生态修复等管理工作中应予以高度重视. |
| 英文摘要 |
| To assess the current pollution status of heavy metals in water bodies and associated with health risks in coastal cities， this study selected Tianjin as the research area. Surface water samples from rivers， wetlands， and lakes were collected in both summer and winter to analyze the concentrations of six heavy metals （Cu， Zn， Pb， As， Cr， and Cd）. The spatial distribution and seasonal variation characteristics of different heavy metal concentrations were clarified， and the main sources were analyzed. The pollution levels and health risks of water bodies were evaluated. The results showed that： ① The average concentrations of heavy metals in surface water bodies in Tianjin， from high to low， were as follows： As > Zn > Cu > Cr > Pb > Cd. Only Zn， As， and Cr exceeded the standards for heavy metals in Class I water quality of the “Surface Water Environmental Quality Standards” （GB3838-2002） at some sampling points. The concentrations of Cu， As， and Cr in surface water showed significant seasonal variations， with the average Cu concentration being higher in winter and the average As and Cr concentrations being higher in summer. Spatially， the concentrations of heavy metals were higher in the southeastern coastal aquaculture ponds and estuary areas of Tianjin. ② The source analysis results indicated that Pb， Cd， As， and Cu in surface water in Tianjin mainly originated from a mixture of natural processes and industrial activities， while Cr and Zn mainly originated from a mixture of aquaculture and agricultural activities. ③ The pollution assessment results of surface water indicated that Cr was the main pollutant， and the overall risk of heavy metal pollution in water bodies was higher in summer than in winter. The overall pollution level of heavy metals in aquaculture ponds and the estuary of the Duliujian River was moderate in summer， and the pollution level of heavy metals in the agricultural canals near the Duliujian River was moderate in winter. Special attention should be paid to the water environment of the Duliujian River. ④ The results of health risk assessment showed that the carcinogenic risk to both adults and children caused by chromium in water through the drinking water route in summer exceeded 1.0×10-6 a-1， presenting a clear health threat. Therefore， it should be given high priority in future environmental monitoring and ecological restoration management work. |
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