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北京大气PM2.5中PFAS浓度水平及健康风险评估
摘要点击 590  全文点击 42  投稿时间:2025-07-21  修订日期:2025-10-28
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中文关键词  全氟烷基化合物(PFAS)  健康风险评估  大气颗粒物  浓度水平  季节变化
英文关键词  perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS)  health risk assessment  atmospheric particulate matters  concentration level  seasonal changes
DOI  10.13227/j.hjkx.202507264
作者单位E-mail
赵唯丞 首都师范大学化学系, 分析测试中心, 北京 100048 1200703021@cnu.edu.cn 
陈子延 首都师范大学化学系, 分析测试中心, 北京 100048  
李明阳 首都师范大学资源环境与旅游学院, 北京 100048  
杨卓慧 首都师范大学化学系, 分析测试中心, 北京 100048  
杨芳 首都师范大学化学系, 分析测试中心, 北京 100048  
王昱辰 首都师范大学化学系, 分析测试中心, 北京 100048  
卢易非 首都师范大学资源环境与旅游学院, 北京 100048  
杨皓然 首都师范大学化学系, 分析测试中心, 北京 100048  
李杏茹 首都师范大学化学系, 分析测试中心, 北京 100048 lixr@cnu.edu.cn 
中文摘要
      基于LC/MS技术定量测定北京市大气PM2.5中22种全氟烷基物质(PFAS),系统研究了PFAS的质量浓度水平、季节变化特征与环境行为,并采用每日摄入量(EDI)模型评估其健康风险. 结果表明,PM2.5中PFAS总浓度平均值为(28.08±13.68)pg·m-3;全氟羧酸类化合物(PFCAs)检出率最高,其中全氟辛酸(PFOA)为优势组分,其次为全氟丁酸(PFBA)和全氟庚酸(PFHpA);相同碳链长度的全氟磺酸类化合物(PFSAs)浓度低于PFCAs;全氟磷酸类化合物在所有样品中均未检出. PFAS总浓度呈现显著季节性差异,冬季浓度显著高于其他季节,夏季次之,春季与秋季浓度较低. 污染天气条件下PFSA浓度显著升高,且污染日PFAS浓度普遍高于清洁日;春季与秋季在清洁日与污染日的浓度均维持较低水平. Spearman相关性分析显示,各参数间的关联性存在显著季节性差异,反映了化合物来源与环境行为的复杂性. 健康风险评估表明,儿童的EDI值显著高于成人,其中PFOA的儿童EDI值已达其参考剂量(RfD)的15.8%,提示单一暴露途径亦可能引致潜在健康风险.
英文摘要
      This study employed a liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC/MS) method for the quantitative analysis of 22 target perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in PM2.5 samples collected from Beijing. The research systematically investigated the concentration profiles, seasonal variation, and environmental behavior of the detected PFAS and assessed associated human health risks using the Estimated Daily Intake (EDI) model. The results indicated an average total PFAS concentration in Beijing's PM2.5 of (28.08±13.68) pg·m-3. Among the detected PFAS classes, perfluorinated carboxylic acids (PFCAs) exhibited the highest detection frequency, with perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) identified as the predominant congener. This was followed by perfluorobutanoic acid (PFBA) and perfluoroheptanoic acid (PFHpA) in terms of concentration levels. Perfluorinated sulfonic acids (PFSAs) with equivalent carbon chain lengths displayed significantly lower concentrations than their corresponding PFCA analogues. Notably, perfluorophosphonic acid compounds (PFPAs) were not detected in any sample. Distinct seasonal variations in PFAS concentrations were observed, with peak levels occurring in winter, followed by summer, and comparatively lower concentrations recorded during spring and autumn. Pollution episodes induced significant increases in PM2.5-bound PFAS concentrations, consistently yielding higher levels on polluted days relative to those on clean days. Conversely, both clean and polluted days during spring and autumn maintained relatively low PFAS concentrations. Spearman correlation analysis revealed seasonally distinct patterns in the relationships between key parameters (e.g., PFAS concentrations, meteorological factors), implying complex PFAS sources and environmental behaviors within Beijing's atmosphere. Health risk assessment results demonstrated significantly higher EDI values for children compared to those for adults. Specifically, PFOA exposure in children represented 15.8% of its Reference Dose (RfD). This suggests that even through a single exposure pathway (inhalation of PM2.5), PFOA may pose potential health concerns for children.

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