| 中国不同类型水域地表水和沉积物中微塑料丰度与理化特征 |
| 摘要点击 546 全文点击 16 投稿时间：2025-07-01 修订日期：2025-10-04 |
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| 中文关键词 微塑料（MPs） 地表水 沉积物 丰度 分布特征 |
| 英文关键词 microplastics（MPs） surface water sediments abundance distribution characteristics |
| DOI 10.13227/j.hjkx.202507009 |
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| 中文摘要 |
| 随着塑料制品生产量和废弃量的增加，微塑料已成为水环境中普遍存在的新污染物，近些年备受关注. 研究基于近5 a公开发表的研究数据，分析了中国湖泊、河流和海洋地表水及沉积物微塑料丰度与理化特征，并概括总结了3类水域微塑料分布特征和影响因素，以期为微塑料污染治理和环境监管提供参考. 结果表明，我国水域微塑料研究分布不均，西北、东北和东南地区以及远海区域研究不足. 我国湖泊、河流和海洋地表水微塑料最高丰度分别可达51 340、 930 200和726 000 n·m-3；沉积物微塑料丰度（以干重计）分别可达6 374.55、 18 780.20和54 813.20 n·kg-1. 东、西部地区湖泊微塑料丰度高于中部地区；黄河水系和松花江水系河流地表水微塑料丰度较高，而淮河水系和海河水系河流沉积物微塑料平均丰度相对较高；南海和黄海微塑料丰度整体高于渤海和东海. 微塑料丰度与地区生产总值、工农业和渔业总产值、人口及污水排放量呈显著正相关. 地表水及沉积物中粒径<1 mm的微塑料占主导地位，颜色以透明无色为主，微塑料形状以纤维状和碎片状为主，常见的聚合物类型是聚乙烯、聚丙烯和聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯. 综上，我国水域微塑料分布广泛并具有明显的空间异质性，其丰度和理化特征与人类活动密切相关. 研究我国水域微塑料丰度和理化特征可为微塑料污染治理以及分析人类活动对其丰度的影响提供理论支撑. |
| 英文摘要 |
| With the increase in plastic production and disposal volumes， microplastics have become a ubiquitous emerging pollutant in aquatic environments， attracting significant attention in recent years. Based on research data published in the past five years， this study analyzed the research areas focusing on microplastics in surface water and sediments of Chinese lakes， rivers， and oceans， as well as their abundance and physicochemical characteristics. It also summarized the distribution characteristics and influencing factors of microplastics in these three types of waters， with the aim of providing references for the governance of microplastic pollution and environmental regulation. The results showed that the distribution of research areas on microplastics in China's waters was uneven， with less research conducted in the northwest， northeast， and southeast regions and remote sea areas. The highest abundance of microplastics in the surface water of lakes， rivers， and oceans in China reached 51 340， 930 200， and 726 000 n·m-3， respectively. The highest abundance （dry weight） of microplastics in sediments was 6 374.55， 18 780.20， and 54 813.20 n·kg-1， respectively. Among all lakes， the abundance of microplastics in lakes in the eastern and western regions was higher than that in the central region. In river systems， the Yellow River and Songhua River systems showed higher average microplastic abundance in surface waters compared to that in other river systems， whereas the Huaihe River and Haihe River systems demonstrated relatively higher levels in sediments. For marine environments， the South China Sea and Yellow Sea contained elevated microplastic abundance compared to that in the Bohai Sea and East China Sea. The abundance of microplastics was significantly positively correlated with the gross regional product， the total output value of industry， the total output value of agriculture， the total output value of fisheries， population， and sewage discharge. Microplastics smaller than 1 mm predominated in both surface waters and sediments， with transparent or colorless microplastics being the most prevalent. Fibers and fragments represented the most common morphological types， while polyethylene， polypropylene， and polyethylene terephthalate constituted the predominant polymer categories. However， the research areas of microplastics in China's waters are insufficiently covered. In summary， microplastics are widely distributed in China's water bodies and exhibit significant spatial heterogeneity. Their abundance and physicochemical characteristics are closely related to human activities. This study provides theoretical support for the control of microplastic pollution in water bodies and the analysis of the impact of human activities on their abundance. |
